Dual Career Couples z Dual career couples often have problems finding a balance between work and the rest of life division of responsibility for work and family has changed husbands are taking increased responsibility and showing greater interest in families and parenting z women are taking increased responsibility for breadwinning z Rubin 2006 Pitt Catsouphes Kossek Sweet 2006 Barnett 2001 Barnett others 2001 1 3 25 2008 Physical Performance and Development Most of us reach our peak physical performance before the age of 30 z During this age period we also begin to decline in physical performance z Signs of decline around age 30 z Sagging chins and protruding abdomens lessening of physical abilities Sensory systems show little change in early adulthood 3 25 2008 Developmental Psychology 2 1 Health z Emerging adults have more than twice the mortality rate of adolescents Few chronic health problems Fewer colds and respiratory problems than when they were children Few stop to think about how their personal lifestyles will affect their health later Park others 2006 Rimsza Kirk 2005 Sakamaki others 2005 3 25 2008 3 3 25 2008 4 Developmental Psychology 2 3 25 2008 5 Obesity Heredity some individuals do inherit a tendency to be overweight z Leptin a protein that is involved in satiety acts as an anti obesity hormone z Set point the weight you maintain when you make no effort to gain or lose weight z Environmental Factors sociocultural factors are involved in obesity z 3 25 2008 Developmental Psychology 6 3 Dieting and Exercise Dieting is an obsession with many Americans z Few are successful in keeping weight off long term z The most effective programs include exercise z Aerobic exercise sustained exercise that stimulates heart and lung activity z Wardlaw Hampl 2007 7 3 25 2008 Substance Abuse z z By mid twenties many young adults have reduced their use of alcohol and drugs Binge drinking more common among college men than women problems include missing classes physical injuries troubles with police having unprotected sex Bachman others 2002 Wechsler others 2002 3 25 2008 Developmental Psychology 8 4 Alcoholism z Alcoholism involves long term repeated uncontrolled compulsive and excessive use of alcoholic beverages impairs drinker s health social relationships 1 of 9 people who drink continues to alcoholism z causes include genetic influence as well as environmental factors z Wechsler others 1994 Ksir Hart Ray 2008 3 25 2008 9 3 25 2008 10 Developmental Psychology 5 Recovery from Alcoholism A positive outcome and recovery from alcoholism are predicted by certain factors z a strong negative experience related to drinking finding a substitute dependency having new social supports joining an inspirational group e g Alcoholics Anonymous Vaillant 1992 11 3 25 2008 Cigarette Smoking and Nicotine z Risks of smoking or being around those who do Smoking is linked to cancer deaths heart disease deaths and chronic pulmonary disease Nicotine the active drug in cigarettes is a stimulant that increases the smoker s energy and alertness a pleasurable and reinforcing experience Five years after stopping smoking health risk is lower than for people who continue to smoke Naess others 2004 U S Surgeon General s Report 1990 3 25 2008 Developmental Psychology 12 6 Sexuality z Emerging adulthood is a time when most individuals are both sexually active and unmarried Casual sex is more common in emerging adulthood than in young adulthood Individual s sexual orientation same sex heterosexual or bisexual is determined by a combination of genetic hormonal cognitive and environmental factors 13 3 25 2008 Sexually Transmitted Infections Sexually transmitted infections STIs agains z Most prevalent STIs z bacterial infections gonorrhea syphilis and chlamydia viruses genital herpes genital warts and HIV which can lead to AIDS National Center for Health Statistics 2004 3 25 2008 Developmental Psychology 14 7 15 3 25 2008 Human Immunodeficiency Virus HIV z Changed sexual behavior and has created significant public fear a sexually transmitted infection that destroys the body s immune system The virus breaks down and overpowers the immune system which leads to Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome AIDS For an individual sick with AIDS a common cold can be life threatening Strong others 2008 3 25 2008 Developmental Psychology 16 8 Protecting Yourself from STIs z Just asking a date about his or her sexual behavior does not guarantee protection from HIV and other sexually transmitted infections Know your risk status as well as your partner s Obtain medical examinations Have protected not unprotected sex Avoid having sex with multiple partners Emmers Sommer Allen 2005 17 3 25 2008 Forcible Sexual Behavior and Sexual Harassment z Sex often involves the exercise of power Rape forcible sexual intercourse with a person who does not give consent z Male rapists share the following characteristics aggression enhances their sense of power or masculinity they are angry at women in general they want to hurt and humiliate their victims Carroll 2007 Chiroro others 2004 Mahlstedt Welsh 2005 3 25 2008 Developmental Psychology 18 9 Rape Victims z Rape is a traumatic experience Victims initially feel shock and numbness and often are acutely disorganized As victims strive to get their lives back to normal they may experience depression fear anxiety and increased substance use and or sexual dysfunctions for months or years Kilmartin Allison 2007 McFarlane others 2005 19 3 25 2008 Date Rape z Date or acquaintance rape coercive sexual activity directed at someone with whom the victim is at least casually acquainted 2 3 college freshman women report having been date raped or experienced attempted date rape 2 3 college men admit that they fondle women against their will 1 2 men admit to forcing sexual activity Caron 2007 Watts Zimmerman 2002 3 25 2008 Developmental Psychology 20 10 21 3 25 2008 Sexual Harassment z z Sexual harassment manifestation of power of one person over another ranges from inappropriate sexual remarks and physical contact to blatant propositions and sexual assaults may result in psychological consequences for the victim Prevention to provide equal opportunities to develop a career and obtain education in a climate free of sexual harassment Hock 2007 3 25 2008 Developmental Psychology 22 11
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