Myers EXPLORING PSYCHOLOGY (6th Edition in Modules)The BrainSlide 3Slide 4Slide 5Slide 6Electroencephalogram (EEG)Slide 8PET ScanMRI ScanSlide 11Slide 12The Limbic SystemThe Cerebral CortexSlide 15Slide 16Slide 17Slide 18Slide 19Visual and Auditory CortexAssociation AreasSlide 22Specialization and IntegrationSlide 24Brain Structures and their FunctionsBrain ReorganizationOur Divided BrainSlide 28Split BrainSlide 30Myers EXPLORING PSYCHOLOGY (6th Edition in Modules)Module 4The BrainJames A. McCubbin, PhDClemson UniversityWorth PublishersThe BrainBrainstem the oldest part and central core of the brain, beginning where the spinal cord swells as it enters the skullresponsible for automatic survival functionsMedulla [muh-DUL-uh] base of the brainstemcontrols heartbeat and breathingThe BrainReticular Formationa nerve network in the brainstem that plays an important role in controlling arousalThalamus [THAL-uh-muss] the brain’s sensory switchboard, located on top of the brainstemit directs messages to the sensory receiving areas in the cortex and transmits replies to the cerebellum and medullaThe BrainThe BrainCerebellum [sehr-uh-BELL-um] the “little brain” attached to the rear of the brainstemit helps coordinate voluntary movement and balanceThe BrainLesiontissue destruction a brain lesion is a naturally or experimentally caused destruction of brain tissueElectroencephalogram (EEG)an amplified recording of the waves of electrical activity that sweep across the brain’s surfacethese waves are measured by electrodes placed on the scalpThe BrainCT (computed tomography) Scana series of x-ray photographs taken from different angles and combined by computer into a composite representation of a slice through the body. Also called CAT scanPET (positron emission tomography) Scan a visual display of brain activity that detects where a radioactive form of glucose goes while the brain performs a given taskMRI (magnetic resonance imaging) a technique that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce computer-generated images that distinguish among different types of soft tissue; allows us to see structures within the brainPET ScanMRI ScanThe BrainLimbic Systema doughnut-shaped system of neural structures at the border of the brainstem and cerebral hemispheresassociated with emotions such as fear and aggression and drives such as those for food and sex includes the hippocampus, amygdala, and hypothalamus.Amygdala [ah-MIG-dah-la] two almond-shaped neural clusters that are components of the limbic system and are linked to emotionThe BrainHypothalamusneural structure lying below (hypo) the thalamus; directs several maintenance activitieseatingdrinkingbody temperaturehelps govern the endocrine system via the pituitary glandis linked to emotionThe Limbic SystemElectrode implanted in reward centerThe Cerebral CortexCerebral Cortex the intricate fabric of interconnected neural cells that covers the cerebral hemispheresthe body’s ultimate control and information processing centerThe Cerebral CortexFrontal Lobes involved in speaking and muscle movements and in making plans and judgmentsParietal Lobes include the sensory cortexOccipital Lobes include the visual areas, which receive visual information from the opposite visual fieldTemporal Lobes include the auditory areasThe Cerebral CortexThe Cerebral CortexMotor Cortexarea at the rear of the frontal lobes that controls voluntary movementsSensory Cortexarea at the front of the parietal lobes that registers and processes body sensationsThe Cerebral CortexThe Cerebral CortexFunctional MRI scan shows the visual cortex activated as the subject looks at facesVisual and Auditory CortexAssociation AreasMore intellegent animals have increased “uncommitted” or association areas of the cortextThe Cerebral CortexAphasiaimpairment of language, usually caused by left hemisphere damage either to Broca’s area (impairing speaking) or to Wernicke’s area (impairing understanding)Broca’s Area an area of the left frontal lobe that directs the muscle movements involved in speechWernicke’s Area an area of the left temporal lobe involved in language comprehension and expressionSpecialization and IntegrationSpecialization and IntegrationBrain activity when hearing, seeing, and speaking wordsBrain Structures and their FunctionsBrain ReorganizationPlasticitythe brain’s capacity for modification, as evident in brain reorganization following damage (especially in children) and in experiments on the effects of experience on brain developmentOur Divided BrainCorpus Callosumlarge band of neural fibersconnects the two brain hemispheres carries messages between the hemispheresCorpus callosumOur Divided BrainThe information highway from the eye to the brainSplit Braina condition in which the two hemispheres of the brain are isolated by cutting the connecting fibers (mainly those of the corpus callosum) between themSplit Brain“Look at the dot.”Two words separatedby a dot are momentarily projected.“What worddid you see?”or“Point withyour left hand to theword you
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