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OAKTON PSY 101 - Classical Conditioning

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Myers EXPLORING PSYCHOLOGY (6th Edition in Modules)LearningAssociationSlide 4Classical or Pavlovian ConditioningOperant ConditioningClassical ConditioningPavlov’s Classic ExperimentSlide 9Slide 10Slide 11Slide 12Slide 13Slide 14Slide 15Slide 16Slide 17Slide 18GeneralizationNausea Conditioning in Cancer PatientsSlide 21BehaviorismMyers EXPLORING PSYCHOLOGY (6th Edition in Modules)Module 18Classical ConditioningJames A. McCubbin, PhDClemson UniversityWorth PublishersLearning Learningrelatively permanent change in an organism’s behavior due to experienceAssociationWe learn by associationOur minds naturally connect events that occur in sequenceAristotle 2000 years agoJohn Locke and David Hume 200 years agoAssociative Learninglearning that two events occur togethertwo stimulia response and its consequencesAssociationLearning to associate two eventsEvent 1 Event 2Sea snail associates splash with a tail shockSeal learns to expect a snack for its showy anticsClassical or Pavlovian ConditioningWe learn to associate two stimuliOperant ConditioningWe learn to associate a response and its consequenceClassical ConditioningIvan Pavlov 1849-1936Russian physician/ neurophysiologistNobel Prize in 1904studied digestive secretionsPavlov’s Classic ExperimentBefore ConditioningDuring Conditioning After ConditioningUCS (foodin mouth)Neutralstimulus(tone)NosalivationUCR (salivation)Neutralstimulus(tone)UCS (foodin mouth)UCR(salivation)CS(tone)CR (salivation)Classical ConditioningPavlov’s device for recording salivationClassical ConditioningClassical Conditioningorganism comes to associate two stimulia neutral stimulus that signals an unconditioned stimulus begins to produce a response that anticipates and prepares for the unconditioned stimulusClassical ConditioningUnconditioned Stimulus (UCS)stimulus that unconditionally--automatically and naturally--triggers a responseUnconditioned Response (UCR)unlearned, naturally occurring response to the unconditioned stimulussalivation when food is in the mouthClassical ConditioningConditioned Stimulus (CS)originally irrelevant stimulus that, after association with an unconditioned stimulus, comes to trigger a conditioned responseConditioned Response (CR)learned response to a previously neutral conditioned stimulusClassical ConditioningAcquisitionthe initial stage in classical conditioningthe phase associating a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus so that the neutral stimulus comes to elicit a conditioned responsein operant conditioning, the strengthening of a reinforced responseClassical ConditioningUCS(passionate kiss)UCR(sexualarousal)CS(onionbreath)CS(onion breath)CR(sexualarousal)UCS(passionate Kiss)UCR(sexualarousal)Classical ConditioningExtinctiondiminishing of a CR in classical conditioning, when a UCS does not follow a CSin operant conditioning, when a response is no longer reinforcedClassical ConditioningStrengthof CRPauseAcquisition(CS+UCS)Extinction(CS alone)Extinction(CS alone)Spontaneousrecovery ofCRClassical ConditioningSpontaneous Recoveryreappearance, after a rest period, of an extinguished CRGeneralizationtendency for stimuli similar to CS to elicit similar responsesClassical ConditioningDiscriminationin classical conditioning, the learned ability to distinguish between a CS and other stimuli that do not signal a UCSGeneralizationDrops of salivain 30 seconds6050403020100HindpawPelvis Shoulder FrontpawThigh Trunk ForelegPart of body stimulatedNausea Conditioning in Cancer PatientsUCS(drug)UCR(nausea)CS(waiting room)CS(waitingroom)CR(nausea)UCS(drug)UCR(nausea)Classical ConditioningBehaviorismJohn B. Watson viewed psychology as objective sciencegenerally agreed-upon consensus todayrecommended study of behavior without reference to unobservable mental processesnot universally accepted by all schools of thought


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