Myers EXPLORING PSYCHOLOGY (6th Edition in Modules)LearningAssociationSlide 4Classical or Pavlovian ConditioningOperant ConditioningClassical ConditioningPavlov’s Classic ExperimentSlide 9Slide 10Slide 11Slide 12Slide 13Slide 14Slide 15Slide 16Slide 17Slide 18GeneralizationNausea Conditioning in Cancer PatientsSlide 21BehaviorismMyers EXPLORING PSYCHOLOGY (6th Edition in Modules)Module 18Classical ConditioningJames A. McCubbin, PhDClemson UniversityWorth PublishersLearning Learningrelatively permanent change in an organism’s behavior due to experienceAssociationWe learn by associationOur minds naturally connect events that occur in sequenceAristotle 2000 years agoJohn Locke and David Hume 200 years agoAssociative Learninglearning that two events occur togethertwo stimulia response and its consequencesAssociationLearning to associate two eventsEvent 1 Event 2Sea snail associates splash with a tail shockSeal learns to expect a snack for its showy anticsClassical or Pavlovian ConditioningWe learn to associate two stimuliOperant ConditioningWe learn to associate a response and its consequenceClassical ConditioningIvan Pavlov 1849-1936Russian physician/ neurophysiologistNobel Prize in 1904studied digestive secretionsPavlov’s Classic ExperimentBefore ConditioningDuring Conditioning After ConditioningUCS (foodin mouth)Neutralstimulus(tone)NosalivationUCR (salivation)Neutralstimulus(tone)UCS (foodin mouth)UCR(salivation)CS(tone)CR (salivation)Classical ConditioningPavlov’s device for recording salivationClassical ConditioningClassical Conditioningorganism comes to associate two stimulia neutral stimulus that signals an unconditioned stimulus begins to produce a response that anticipates and prepares for the unconditioned stimulusClassical ConditioningUnconditioned Stimulus (UCS)stimulus that unconditionally--automatically and naturally--triggers a responseUnconditioned Response (UCR)unlearned, naturally occurring response to the unconditioned stimulussalivation when food is in the mouthClassical ConditioningConditioned Stimulus (CS)originally irrelevant stimulus that, after association with an unconditioned stimulus, comes to trigger a conditioned responseConditioned Response (CR)learned response to a previously neutral conditioned stimulusClassical ConditioningAcquisitionthe initial stage in classical conditioningthe phase associating a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus so that the neutral stimulus comes to elicit a conditioned responsein operant conditioning, the strengthening of a reinforced responseClassical ConditioningUCS(passionate kiss)UCR(sexualarousal)CS(onionbreath)CS(onion breath)CR(sexualarousal)UCS(passionate Kiss)UCR(sexualarousal)Classical ConditioningExtinctiondiminishing of a CR in classical conditioning, when a UCS does not follow a CSin operant conditioning, when a response is no longer reinforcedClassical ConditioningStrengthof CRPauseAcquisition(CS+UCS)Extinction(CS alone)Extinction(CS alone)Spontaneousrecovery ofCRClassical ConditioningSpontaneous Recoveryreappearance, after a rest period, of an extinguished CRGeneralizationtendency for stimuli similar to CS to elicit similar responsesClassical ConditioningDiscriminationin classical conditioning, the learned ability to distinguish between a CS and other stimuli that do not signal a UCSGeneralizationDrops of salivain 30 seconds6050403020100HindpawPelvis Shoulder FrontpawThigh Trunk ForelegPart of body stimulatedNausea Conditioning in Cancer PatientsUCS(drug)UCR(nausea)CS(waiting room)CS(waitingroom)CR(nausea)UCS(drug)UCR(nausea)Classical ConditioningBehaviorismJohn B. Watson viewed psychology as objective sciencegenerally agreed-upon consensus todayrecommended study of behavior without reference to unobservable mental processesnot universally accepted by all schools of thought
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