Myers EXPLORING PSYCHOLOGY (6th Edition in Modules)Stress and IllnessStress AppraisalSlide 4Stress and HealthStressful Life EventsSlide 7Perceived ControlStress and the HeartStress and the HeartSlide 11Stress and DiseaseSlide 13Slide 14Slide 15Myers EXPLORING PSYCHOLOGY (6th Edition in Modules)Module 31Stress and IllnessJames A. McCubbin, PhDClemson UniversityWorth PublishersStress and IllnessStressthe process by which we perceive and respond to certain events, called stressors, that we appraise as threatening or challengingStress AppraisalStressful event(tough math test)Threat(“Yikes! This isbeyond me!”)Challenge(“I’ve got to applyall I know”)Panic, freeze upAroused, focusedAppraisalResponseStress and IllnessGeneral Adaptation Syndrome Selye’s concept of the body’s adaptive response to stress in three stagesStressresistancePhase 1Alarm reaction(mobilizeresources)Phase 2Resistance(cope with stressor)Phase 3Exhaustion(reservesdepleted)The body’s resistance to stress canlast only so long before exhaustion sets in StressoroccursStress and HealthBehavioral Medicineinterdisciplinary field that integrates behavioral and medical knowledge and applies that knowledge to health and diseaseHealth Psychologysubfield of psychology that provides psychology’s contribution to behavioral medicineStressful Life EventsChronic Stress by AgeStressful Life EventsCatastrophic Eventsearthquakes, combat stress, floodsLife Changesdeath of a loved one, divorce, loss of job, promotionDaily Hasslesrush hour traffic, long lines, job stress, burnoutPerceived ControlEquality and LongevityStress and the Heart Hopelessnessscores3.532.521.510.50Heart attackDeathLow risk Moderate risk High riskMen who feel extreme hopelessnessare at greater risk for heart attacksand early deathStress and the HeartCoronary Heart Diseaseclogging of the vessels that nourish the heart muscleleading cause of death in many developed countriesStress and the Heart Type A Friedman and Rosenman’s term for competitive, hard-driving, impatient, verbally aggressive, and anger-prone people Type BFriedman and Rosenman’s term for easygoing, relaxed peopleStress and DiseasePsychophysiological Illness“mind-body” illnessany stress-related physical illnesssome forms of hypertensionsome headachesdistinct from hypochondriasis-- misinterpreting normal physical sensations as symptoms of a diseaseStress and DiseaseLymphocytestwo types of white blood cells that are part of the body’s immune systemB lymphocytes form in the bone marrow and release antibodies that fight bacterial infectionsT lymphocytes form in the thymus and, among other duties, attack cancer cells, viruses, and foreign substancesStress and DiseaseConditioning of immune suppressionUCS(drug)UCR(immunesuppression)UCS(drug)UCR(immunesuppression)CS(sweetenedwater)CS(sweetenedwater)CR(immunesuppression)Stress and DiseaseNegative emotions and health-related consequencesUnhealthy behaviors(smoking, drinking, poor nutrition and sleep)Persistent stressorsand negativeemotionsRelease of stresshormonesHeartdiseaseImmunesuppressionAutonomic nervoussystem
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