Module 11 Developmental Psychology Begins http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jNVPalNZD_IPrenatal Development and the NewbornSlide 3Sperm (under a electron microscope)Slide 5Slide 6Slide 7Slide 8The Developing PersonTemperament and PersonalityConception is AmazingPrenatal Development How does a fertilized egg develop?Fetus DevelopmentSlide 14Slide 15The newborn: a work in progressThe Developing BrainInfancy and Childhood: Physical DevelopmentThe NewbornSlide 20HabitationMilestones in Motor DevelopmentPhysical and Motor Development: getting controlSlide 24Slide 25Cognitive DevelopmentInfancy and Childhood: Cognitive DevelopmentSlide 28Slide 29Slide 30Slide 31Slide 32Slide 33Jean Piaget – Cognitive DevelopmentPiaget’s Stages of Cognitive DevelopmentPiaget’s Stages of Cognitive DevelopmentSlide 37Slide 38Piaget’s StagesSlide 40Experiment –Piaget Bringing preoperational thought (and conservation) to the minds of adultsExperimentSlide 43Slide 44Slide 45Slide 46Separation AnxietySlide 48“Conservation of Liquid” TaskSlide 50Social DevelopmentSlide 52Slide 53Social Development- Child-Rearing PracticesParenting StylesAuthoritarian ParentingPermissive ParentingAuthoritative ParentingSocial Development: Child-Rearing PracticesThus?Slide 61Social Development Styles of AttachmentSlide 63Slide 64Harlow’s StudyIs Attachment Important?Slide 67Slide 68Slide 69Ainsworth’s ViewWhat About Fathers?Module 11Developmental Psychology Begins http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jNVPalNZD_IPrenatal Development and the NewbornDevelopmental Psychology a branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive and social change throughout the life spanPrenatal Development and the NewbornZygotethe fertilized eggenters a 2 week period of rapid cell divisiondevelops into an embryoEmbryodeveloping human organism from 2 – 8 weeksdevelops into the fetusFetusthe developing human organism from 9 weeks after conception to birthSperm (under a electron microscope)Prenatal Development and the NewbornLife is sexually transmittedPrenatal Development and the NewbornTeratogensagents, such as chemicals and viruses, that can reach the embryo or fetus during prenatal development and cause harm Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)physical and cognitive abnormalities in children caused by a pregnant woman’s heavy drinkingsymptoms include facial disproportionsPrenatal Development and the NewbornRooting Reflextendency to open mouth, and search for nipple when touched on the cheekHabituationdecreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulationPrenatal Development and the NewbornPreferenceshuman voices and facesface-like imagesSmell and sound of mother Which of these do you think a baby prefers?The Developing PersonThree Major issues:1. Nature/nurture – How much do genetics and environment influence development?2. Continuity/stages – Is growth continuous or does it progress in stages?3. Stability/change – Does our personality change or stay the same?Temperament and Personality•The only thing we know about a person from the first two years of life is that temperament is the most stable characteristic.•Our behavior changes as we mature.•We can change positive or negative traits, habits, adaptations, and achievements.•Life reflects stability and change.Conception is Amazing1. The 200 million + sperm swim toward the egg.2. When one sperm penetrates the egg, the egg’s surface blocks out the others.3. The sperm is pulled into the egg by finger-like projections.4. Within 12 hours, the egg nucleus and sperm nucleus fuse.Prenatal DevelopmentHow does a fertilized egg develop?•At 40 days the spine is visible, arms and legs begin to grow.•At 45 days, the body becomes bigger than the head, arms and legs grow.•At 60 days, the fetal period begins, facial features, hands and feet have formed.•At 120 days, the fetus is more defined, weighs 3 ounces, and can fit in the palm of your hand.Fetus Development•First responses are reflexes.•12th week: touch receptors around mouth develop•15 weeks: fetus can grasp, frown, squint, grimace, suck its thumb, swallow.•20 weeks: taste and smell•24 weeks: may respond to sound•25 weeks: some babies born can surviveFetus Development•26 weeks: response to touch•27 weeks: response to light•32nd week: eyes open, neural circuits as advanced as a newborn•35 weeks: daily activity cycles develop, hearing is mature•Birth: distinguish shapes, colors, loudness, pitch, tone, preference for sweets and scent of motherPrenatal Development and the Newborn 40 days 45 days 2 months 4 monthsThe newborn: a work in progress•Human babies much less developed than other animals•Can’t walk, little muscle control•Brains are not developed (size of birth canal)•Need care for a long time•Humans attracted to babiesThe Developing Brain•At birth, neurons are in place, but few connections•We have all our brain cells for life.•During first year, axons grow, dendrites multiply, connections form•Over next few years, active connections strengthenAt BirthDuring First Year Next Few YearsInfancy and Childhood: Physical DevelopmentThe brain is immature at birthAs the child matures, the neural networks grow increasingly more complicatedAt birth 3 months 15 monthsCortical NeuronsThe Newborn•Reflexes–Permanent•Swallowing, breathing, coughing, blinking–Temporary•Palmar Grasp, Babinski, sucking, rootingBABINSKIBaby's foot is stroked from heel toward the toes. The big toe should lift up, while the others fan out. .PALMARGRASPBy pressing just one of baby's palms, fingers should grasp the object. SUCKING A finger or nipple placed in baby's mouth will elicit rhythmical sucking. ROOTING When baby's cheek is stroked at the corner of her mouth, her head will turn toward finger and she will make sucking motions.Habitation•At first there is great excitement (when a new stimuli is presented) then it decreases each time the stimuli is presented again.Milestones in Motor DevelopmentPhysical and Motor Development: getting control•Growing: –50% first year–75% second year ½ size final growth•Order of muscle control–Head–Trunk–Arms–LegsInfancy and Childhood: Physical DevelopmentBabies only 3 months old can learn that kicking moves a mobile- and can retain that learning for a monthInfancy and Childhood: Physical DevelopmentMaturationbiological growth processes that