Myers EXPLORING PSYCHOLOGY (6th Edition in Modules)Sexual Knowledge QuizSexual MotivationSexual Response CycleSexual DisorderEstrogenTestosteroneForces Affecting Sexual MotivationBirths to Unwed ParentsSexual OrientationBrain DifferencesSlide 12Genetic InfluencesPrenatal Hormonal InfluencesBrain differences and prenatal influences may contribute to observed gay-straight differences in childrens’:Views of HomosexualityMyers EXPLORING PSYCHOLOGY (6th Edition in Modules)Module 26Sexual Motivation James A. McCubbin, PhDClemson UniversityLinda ZimmermanOakton Community CollegeWorth PublishersSexual Knowledge Quiz•http://www.healthunit.com/article.aspx?ID=15160Sexual MotivationSex is a physiologically based motive, like hunger, but it is more affected by learning and values.Sexual Response CycleSexual Response CycleMasters and Johnson (N= 382 f and 312 m)the four stages of sexual respondingexcitementplateauorgasmresolutionRefractory Periodresting period after orgasm, during which a man cannot achieve another orgasmSexual DisorderSexual Disorder…a problem that consistently impairs sexual arousal or functioningCan include:lack of motivation, arousalPremature ejaculation (men)Erectile dysfunction (men)Orgasmic dysfunction (women)Treatments:Sexual therapyMedicationEstrogenEstrogen–a sex hormone, secreted in greater amounts by females than by males in nonhuman females, levels peak during ovulation, promoting sexual receptivityTestosteroneTestosteronemost important of the male sex hormonesboth males and females have itextra testosterone in males:stimulates growth of sex organs in the fetus development of the male sex characteristics during pubertyForces Affecting Sexual MotivationForces Affecting Sexual MotivationBirths to Unwed ParentsBirths to Unwed ParentsSexual OrientationSexual Orientationan enduring sexual attraction toward:members of one’s own sex (homosexual orientation) Members of the other sex (heterosexual orientation)Brain DifferencesBrain Differences•On the average (the evidence is strongest for males), various biological and behavioral traits of gays and lesbians fall between those of straight men and straight women.Brain DifferencesBrain Differences•One hypothalmic cell cluster is larger in straight men than in women and gay men, same difference is found in male sheep displaying other-sex versus same-sex attraction.•Anterior commissure is larger in gay men than in women or straight men.Genetic InfluencesGenetic Influences•Shared sexual orientation is higher among identical twins than among fraternal twins.•Sexual attraction in male fruit flies can be genetically manipulated.http://clipsforclass.com/sexuality.phpPrenatal Hormonal InfluencesPrenatal Hormonal Influences•Altered prenatal hormone exposure may lead to homosexuality in humans and other animals.•Men with several older brothers are more likely to be gay.Brain differences and prenatal influences Brain differences and prenatal influences may contribute to observed gay-straight differences in childrens’: Spatial abilities Relative finger lengthsFingerprint ridge countsGender nonconformityAuditory system Age of male pubertyHandedness Male body sizeOcupational preferencesViews of HomosexualityViews of
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