The Truth About ConsequencesRemember – Consequences or ReinforcersRememberWhat is the type of consequence?What is the type of consequenceSlide 6Slide 7Slide 8Slide 9Slide 10Slide 11Slide 12Slide 13Slide 14Slide 15Reinforcement SchedulesSlide 17What is the schedule of reinforcement (ratio or interval)What is the schedule of reinforcement?Slide 20Slide 21Slide 22Slide 23Slide 24Slide 25Slide 26Slide 27Slide 28Slide 29Slide 30Slide 31Slide 32Slide 33Jenna’s cookiesJenna’s CookiesLisa, problem childSlide 37AshleySlide 39Ryan, the Ski BumRyanAlso pay attention to Inadvertent Reinforcement you don’t want to encourageThe Truth About ConsequencesEarn your reinforcement by correctly identifying the consequence or schedule…and you will be ready for the exam.Remember – Consequencesor Reinforcers•Types of Consequences•Positive reinforcement – presented after the response and strengthens or increases the response because you get something pleasurable. •Negative reinforcement – removes a negative stimuli, and strengthens the response because you have had something undesirable (bad) removed.•Punishment – decreases the behavior it follows because you get something bad.Remember•Reinforcement tells you what to do.•Punishment tells you what not to do.What is the type of consequence?•Flushing the toilet right after you hurl chunks’•Positive Reinforcement or•Negative ReinforcementWhat is the type of consequence•Negative reinforcement•Why? (You have removed something bad, or negative, or unwanted).What is the type of consequence•Frowning or scowling when someone says something you don’t like•Positive Reinforcement •Negative Reinforcement•PunishmentWhat is the type of consequence•PunishmentWhy? Because you got something bad or undesirable.What is the type of consequence?•Having your credit card canceled for not paying your billsWhat is the type of consequence?•PunishmentWhy? You got something bad or undesirable.What is the type of consequence?•A prisoner-of-war finally telling the enemy what he knows so the torture will be stoppedWhat is the type of consequence?•Negative reinforcementRemoving something bad or undesirableWhat is the type of consequence?•You lose your freedom when your parents ground you for a week after curfew violationWhat is the type of consequence•PunishmentWhy?What is the type of consequence•Fastening your seat belt to turn off the annoying seatbelt buzzer & lightWhat is the type of consequence•Negative reinforcementWhy?Reinforcement SchedulesReinforces the response in relation to a time lapse:•Variable ratio – after an unpredictable number of responses.•Fixed Ratio – after a specified number of responsesReinforcement SchedulesReinforces the response after a time lapse:•Fixed Interval – after a specified time has elapsed•Variable Interval –at unpredictable time schedulesWhat is the schedule of reinforcement (ratio or interval) •Fly casting in a stream to catch troutWhat is the schedule of reinforcement?•Variable ratioWhy? You get a reward after an unpredictable number of responses.What is the type of consequence•Getting a paycheck every FridayWhat is the type of consequence•Fixed interval 1 weekAfter a specific number of daysWhat is the schedule of reinforcement?•Getting a break at work every 2 hoursWhat is the schedule of reinforcement?•Fixed interval 2 hoursWhat is the schedule of reinforcement?•Checking the coin returns whenever you’re by a payphoneWhat is the schedule of reinforcement?•Variable ratioWhat is the schedule of reinforcement?•Frequent flyer program offering a free ticket after the purchase of 20 ticketsWhat is the schedule of reinforcement?•Fixed Ratio 20What is the schedule of reinforcement?•Watching for grades to be posted after an examWhat is the schedule of reinforcement?•Variable intervalWhat is the schedule of reinforcement?•Checking your phone or computer for text messagesWhat is the schedule of reinforcement?•Variable intervalWhat is the schedule of reinforcement?•Selling girl scout cookies door to doorWhat is the schedule of reinforcement?•Variable ratioJenna’s cookies•Robert’s co-worker, Jenna, brings homemade cookies to work. Each time Robert visits her in her office, she offers him a cookie. Over time, Robert visits Jenna’s office more and more.•What happened to Robert?Jenna’s Cookies•Positive ReinforcementLisa, problem child•Lisa goes outside and throws rocks at passing cars. Her parents go after her, drag her in off the street and send her to her room. As time goes by, Lisa throws rocks at cars more and more.Lisa, problem child•Positive Reinforcement •Why?Ashley•Ashley’s washing machine gets really noisy during the spin cycle, but one day she found it quieted down when she gave it a hard whack. Now she regularly whacks her washing machine.Ashley•Negative Reinforcement Why?Ryan, the Ski Bum•Ryan is a terror on the ski slopes. He loves to try daredevil moves, skiing as fast as he can, zigzagging between the other skiers on the busy hill and sometimes even jumping over a fallen skier. The ski patrol “tears his ticket” (takes his lift ticket so he can no longer get up to the top of the slopes). Now Ryan is less of a daredevil on the slopes.Ryan•Punishment Why?Also pay attention to Inadvertent Reinforcementyou don’t want to encourage•Positive consequences should only follow behaviors you wish to
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