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OAKTON PSY 101 - Study Notes

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How Do Neurons Work?Neurons and SynapsesSensory NeuronsMotor NeuronsInterneuronsStructures of a neuronThe cell bodyDendritesAxonMyelin sheathHow neurons communicateNeuron to NeuronSynapseNeurotransmitter ReleaseLocks and KeysSome Drugs work on receptorsSummary of Terms Do you know them?How Do Neurons Work?2Neurons and SynapsesTypes of NeuronsSensory MotorInterneurons3SpinalCordBrainSensoryNeuronSensory NeuronsINPUT From sensory organs to the brain and spinal cord.Drawing shows a somatosensory neuronVision, hearing, taste and smell nerves are cranial, not spinal4SpinalCordBrainSensoryNeuronMotorNeuronMotor NeuronsOUTPUT From the brain and spinal cord To the muscles and glands.5SpinalCordBrainSensoryNeuronMotorNeuronInterneuronsInterneurons carry information between other neurons only found in the brain and spinal cord.6Structures of a neuron7The cell bodyRound, centrally located structure Contains DNAContains the cell’s Nucleus8DendritesInformation collectorsReceive inputs from neighboring neuronsInputs may number in thousandsIf enough inputs the cell’s AXON may generate an output9AxonThe cell’s output structureOne axon per cell, 2 distinct partstubelike structure branches at end that connect to dendrites of other cells10Myelin sheathWhite fatty casing on axon Acts as an electrical insulator When present increases the speed of neural signals down the axon.Myelin Sheath11How neurons communicateNeurons communicate by means of an electrical signal called the Action PotentialAction Potentials are based on movements of ions between the outside and inside of the cellWhen an Action Potential occurs a molecular message is sent to neighboring neurons12Neuron to NeuronAxons branch out and end near dendrites of neighboring cellsAxon terminals are the tips of the axon’s branchesA gap separates the axon terminals from dendritesGap is the SynapseCellBodyDendriteAxon13Synapseaxon terminals contain small storage sacs called synaptic vesiclesvesicles contain neurotransmitter moleculesSendingNeuronSynapseAxonTerminal14Neurotransmitter ReleaseAction Potential causes vesicle to openNeurotransmitter released into synapseLocks onto receptor molecule in postsynaptic membrane15Locks and KeysNeurotransmitter molecules have specific shapespositive ions (NA+ ) depolarize the neuron negative ions (CL-) hyperpolarizeWhen NT binds to receptor, ions enterReceptor molecules have binding sites16Some Drugs work on receptorsSome drugs are shaped like neurotransmittersAntagonists : fit the receptor but poorly and block the NTe.g. beta blockersAgonists : fit receptor well and act like the NTe.g. nicotine.17Summary of Terms Do you know them?•3 types of neurons•Ion movements•Action potentials•Synapse•Neurotransmitters•Receptors and ions•Agonists and


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