ARTH 1380 1st EditionExam # 1 Study Guide Lectures: 1 - 14Lecture 1 (August 26)What do you need to know of a painting or wok of art:- First need to identify what type of work of art is as a painting or sculpture. You need to know where it is from and the period or era that it was made. You also need to know thetitle or name of the work The artist name is only needed if it is one of the terms that will be tested on the exam. Also need to know why it is important and anything that was mentioned in class about the work of art.Lecture 2 (August 28) When was the Lower Paleolithic period and what is memorable of this time?- Lower Paleolithic was the oldest period about 2.5 million years ago. This period marked an evolution with the new use of stone tools and it showed the manual dexterity.When was the Middle Paleolithic period and what is memorable of this time?- The middle Paleolithic period was from 200,000 – 40,000 BCE. This period was when the Neanderthals came into existence they evolved first in African and then dispersed.When was the Upper Paleolithic period and what is memorable of this time?- The upper Paleolithic period was from 40,000 – 8,000 BCE. It was memorable because Homo sapiens sapiens came into existence in the Middle East and eventually replaced the Neanderthals. Another important thing is t that symbol use takes off in this period and the people begin to do cave paintings and new sculptures.What is the lion-human figure?- Lion-human a figurine, about a foot in length, was discovered in Upper Paleolithic periodand was unusual since it had a feline head and was standing up straight and the body seemed human. It is important to remember that the interpretation of this figure cannotbe literal but it can be tied to shamanistic beliefs of how shaman would take on animalistic abilities. It was made of material that was not easy to work withWhat is the Woman from Willendorf?- Woman from Willendorf is a more usual artwork it is about 4 inches in length. It is a sculpture with feminine features that are exaggerated. One theory behind it is that it was made to represent a pregnant woman another theory is that it represented fertility. The prior name was Venus of Willendorf and this name was changed because it implied that it was goddess like, but there is no evidence of this. This sculpture is thought to be in between abstract and naturalisticLecture 3 (August 30)What is the wall painting with horses, rhinoceroses, and aurochs?- It is a painting that dates back to the Upper Paleolithic period. It is found in Chavuet Cave one of the oldest cave paintings. There is not a clear subject it is not narrative art there many animals. However, this was sophisticated art as you can see the overlaps in the painting give it a 3-dimensional shape and the lines in the painting are very complex.There is shading that on the bottom of the animals giving the appearance that we the viewer are below the animalHow did they create these cave paintings and what is the significance behind it?- In order to create these paintings they would put the pigment in their mouth and use a type of airbrush technique. This technique makes cave paintings very intimate. There aresome high cave paintings that scaffolds were needed to reach it reinstates the idea that this was more than activity done for boredom, but that it had a greater meaningWhat is the painting man with an injured bison?- This is also from the Upper Paleolithic Period and Chavuet. The man, injured bison painting is different because this cave painting is narrative and has a human which were not usually depicted in paintings. There is a lot going on in this image the human has what seems like a bird head and an erection. This can be speculated to correlate with the shamanistic views and how they could communicate with spiritsWhat were the different interpretations of Paleolithic image making?- One interpretation is that it was for art’s sake that people liked art so they would create it. Another interpretation is that it was totemism which is clan representation with a certain animal spirit. Sympathetic magic is tied totemism but this one is hunting magic tohave a good hunt. Fertility magic is also connected to the last two and this is the idea to use this art for a successful birth. The third interpretation is the structuralist theory which is a way to find patterns in binary. The fourth theory is shamanism this has religious ties that shaman’s would take an animal state.Lecture 4 (September 4)What is the Transition Period and its significance?- The Transition period or Mesolithic period was from 12,000 to 8,000 BC. In this period the people had semi-permanent housing meaning they would stay in a certain area for seasons or longer periods of time; they were not as nomadic. In this period they created built settlements that were sturdier. There was also a significant climate change it was warmer and wetter What is the Neolithic Period and its significance?- The Neolithic Period known as the New Stone Age was from 8,000 to 5,000 BC. People had permanent settlements, which meant they had to make changes in their lifestyle likecreating a waste system and basic rules. In this new period of time the people learned how to produce their own food. They also learned how domesticate animals and people found ways to store their food What is Catalhöyük and why is it important?- it’s the largest Neolithic site in the near East. It was never cover or resettled which was not common. It is very well preserved the rooms in the buildings are preserved to the rood level which is also not common. It is significant because it has strange and crazy art.Lecture 5 (September 6)How was the housing at Catalhöyük and how was it different?- The houses at were very close together cohesiveness tells us they functioned as a unit. There were no streets and they would share walls. This could be seen as protection because it is harder to penetrate the buildings. The fact that they share walls is also good because it helps keep the homes cool in warm weather and warm in colder weather. There is consistency in the plans of the houses. This was new social and larger community. These new housing created a divide between nature and societyWhat is the deer hunt wall painting?- It is from Catalhöyük during the Neolithic period. It shows a deer hunt it is more symbolic and different from previous paintings because it seems narrativeWhat is the vultures