ARTH 1380 1ST Edition Lecture 31 Outline of Last Lecture - History of Byzantine empire- Early Byzantine period- Haiga Sophia- Early Byzantine art Outline of Current Lecture - Icons- Middle Byzantine- Christ as Pantokratoris- The CrucifixionCurrent Lecture- Icons were small portable paintings, panels of portable images- They were mostly saints, Christ, or the Virgin made for private devotion- Icons were suppose to evoke the figure- Some people saw it as worshiping the image versus the figure represented- Icons were very common in Byzantine- The icon of the Virgin and Child is rare from the Early Byzantine period since majority were destroyed- Byzantine style meant that figures were very flat with solemn serious expressions - There were blocks of gold detail as decorative elements - There isn’t much of a body on the figures but looks more like a cut out - The Virgin and child have a more three-dimensional look and that bring focus to their figures and make them stand out- The Byzantine style uses the flatness of the bodies to bring attention to the faces- Iconoclasm was the period from 726-843 CE - The history of this period is that the Byzantines were attacked by Persians and Arabs following Islam and the lost a great amount of territory - The Emperor Leo III thought that this anger was due to the icons and they were destroyed and new ones were created - The Middle Byzantine period was from 843-1204 CE - There was a new Macedonian dynasty that came into power they were Greek ad ushered in Greek identity - Basel I the first king wanted it to be asserted that this was the true Roman empire- In 1073 Seljuk Turks capture Asia Minor- Byzantine Church breaks from RomeThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- 1202-1204 was the Fourth Crusade- Constantinople is attacked - Franks conquered the city - The Byzantine empire finally breaks into small pieces- Christ as Pantokratoris is from the Church of the Dormition in Daphni - This is a common image Christ at the last judgment- It is as him looking down from heaven judging your actions- There are new wlements in this image there is a lot of emotion in the face- There is intensity in the image like seen before in Athena and the giants- There are details in the drapery and the hand - This is differernt from the Christ as a good shepherd this is not gentle and that is because there is a new context the church is not seeking followers it is now the law to bethis religion so now they are stricter- The Crucifixion mosaic shows Christ being crucified and the image shows that Christ has suffered and the Virgin is mourning- There is a gold background the figures have draperies there is a ground line here this all depicts the Hellenistic inheritance- Venice was a point of Commerce and contact for the East and West- St. Marks is similar to the Haiga Sophia it has five domes - The interior there were many windows and they would light up the painting- There are 40,000 square feet of mosaics it took centuries for all of these - The Virgin of Vladimir icon was believed to have protected Russia from the Polish invasion. - The people actually believed the figure had power.- This is a loving image of Christ young and innocent - Icons are eternal images and not snapshots so in this case she knows that Christ will eventually die and that is why she is sad- The Late Byzantine period is from 1261- 1453 CE - In 1261 this was time of invasions, Michael VIII recaptures Constantinople form the Franks but the empire is still small and weak- In 1453 the Ottoman Turks completely conquer the Byzantine empireKey TermsIconoclast- image breakersIconophiles- image
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