ARTH 1380 1ST Edition Lecture 32 Outline of Last Lecture - Icons- Middle Byzantine- Christ as Pantokratoris- The CrucifixionOutline of Current Lecture - Roots of Islam- Mohammad- Mosques- Dome of Rock- Court of lionsCurrent Lecture- The Islamic empire was a broad region there was a later geographic region- Important locations were Mecca, Medina and Jerusalem- Islamic art is not categorized as is it should be but instead all set into one category- The leaders of Mecca were tied to religious polytheistic shrine Kaaba- In 570 Birth of Mohammed, great prophet of Islam, in Mecca, Arabia - He introduces a new religion based on allegiance to one God - Originally the message of Mohammad was not accepted- 622 Mohammed’s flight to Medina: Hijira- 630 Mohammed returns to Mecca with an army and converts people to Islam with someforce - 632 Death of Mohammed- Caliphs (rulers after Mohammed) begin to conquer nearby areas: - 640 Muslims rule Syria, Palestine, Iraq- 651 Muslims rule Iran- In the seventh century the Kaaba is converted- In the end of the seventh century Islam spreads quicklyThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- The Islamic empire was different from the Byzantine empire as it was more tolerant of other religions and allowed people to practice other religions- 710 Muslims rule all of north Africa- 732 Muslims control Spain, part of France- There were two main categories one was religious art and architecture the other was secular - There were important distinctions like religious art did not allow the use of figures while secular art did - In mosques education could take place and they serviced the needs of the community- The Dome of Rock is to show the triumph of Islam in the holy land - The monument type is recognizable but it is different- A mosque needs to accommodate a great amount of people so they usually follow a basilica plan- The Dome of Rock is a central plan mosque and this is a special purpose building it is to mark an important holy site with long religious history - It is not intended to accommodate many people at once- The large dome stands out the building has a rich exterior with color and pattern that is created by tile work- Islamic art excels in material and decorative art they use textiles and metals- The interior of the dome has windows similar to Christian church interior very decoratedand the use of pattern and calligraphy becomes an art used to decorate a surface - Written word becomes religious art work - Patterns are often geometric and there is also vegetal (plants) designs and these patterns enables the artist to create an unending repetition allows mind to think of God as infinite- The Great Mosque in Tunisia is a basilica plan it has a courtyard similar to St. Peters - The prayer hall is a hypostyle hall - People would pray in the Mosque and the building is oriented towards Mecca the prayerdirection is shown with they style and design of the architecture- The court of lions palace in Spain is well preserved - Today it does not serve a religious function - It has a parystyle courtyard- The arches are much more complex - The bowl of Kufic border consists of calligraphy it reads “knowledge it bitter to taste but at the end sweeter than honey”- Textile with elephants and camels it has figural decoration- This was brought to France as just a cover for a holy relic but was preserved by accident- It has calligraphy decoration- The Wagner carpet is made of knotted wool it has vegetal decoration it evokes beauty ofnature and suggests the gardens of paradiseKey TermsRoyal patronage- rulers have means to commission big buildings Qibal- is the wall in the mosque that has the niche Minbar- is the platform where prayer is
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