ARTH 1380 1ST Edition Lecture 11 Outline of Last Lecture - Assyrian period- Neo-Babylonian period- Persian EmpireOutline of Current Lecture - Ancient Egypt location- Narmer Pallet- Mastaba- Stepped pyramidCurrent Lecture- Ancient Egypt was split into the Pre-dynastic and Early dynastic periods it lasted from 5000 BCE to 2575 BCE- Egypt was neighbors with Mesopotamia but they were not very close in proximity there was a desert area between them - However they both invented writing about the same time and were close in technology- The Nile River is important to them because it floods every year and renews the soil- This no longer happens because the Nile is damned- It was an issue for the Egyptians they had to build houses in a low rise called turtle backs- Egypt is divided into two parts Lower Egypt with the river delta lower flat land and Upper Egypt the river cuts through high cliffs- They were independent areas until they were unified- There was an Neolithic period in Egypt and they took longer to domesticate plants and animals because there was an abundance in food- Egypt was divided into dynasties- The Pre-dynastic period was before historical records- In the Early Dynastic period they do have kings but not many historical records are found- The Narmer Pallet is Early Egyptian art it is a stone pallet that is not a functional object but more of a symbolic object - The images symbolize the unification of Egypt - On the top of the pallet there is a cowheaded goddess that is believed to be the mother of all the pharaohs - In the top middle there is an image of the pharaoh - In the main image it is the pharaoh and he is wearing a white crown that represents Upper Egypt- There is a falcon next to him that represents a god and he is holding Egypt hostage These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- At the bottom there are men and they are being held hostage- On the other side of the image we see both goddess at the very top and the pharaoh - Then below there is the pharaoh wearing the crown of Lower Egypt and to his right there is a group of dead people- Below there are two feline that are being hold back and they represent power- At the bottom there is a bull knocking over the wall of the city - Mastaba means bench and it was a monumental funeral architecture they became complex with time- The Egyptians built it out of stone for it to last long they believed that once the person died there Ka still lived which was like there soul and it would leave the body and come back at one point and that is why the body needed to be preserved - Underground was the burial chamber and it was blocked off but there was a tunnel where the Ka could escape to the top- Above there was an offering table where people could visit and there was a statue of theKa- The names of the places and objects are Greek because they conquered so we just use the names they used - The first pyramid was distinct and elaborate for the king it was a step pyramid for the pharaoh Djoser - The architect that designed this was IMHOTEP - The stepped pyramid was built over the regular mastaba- There was a sed festival that the people would celebrate which was for 30 years of rule of the pharaoh it was to increase vitality but most were already dead so it was for their Ka- They were made in temporary buildings made of perishable objects like bundle of weedswhen it was over they would bring it down - Imhotep made a made it permanent so that the Ka was consistently rejuvenated - His architecture design resembles a bundle of weeds but made of stone this was the invention of the columns they originate from this complex Key TermsPharaoh- “big house” was the person in charge of Egypt, the king of the
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