ARTH 1380 1ST Edition Lecture 12 Outline of Last Lecture - Ancient Egypt location- Narmer Pallet- Mastaba- Stepped pyramidOutline of Current Lecture - Old Kingdom- Middle Kingdom- New KingdomCurrent Lecture- The Old Kingdom was from 2575-2150 BCE- The Great Pyramids of Giza were built in a period of 70 years- They were a new shape as the sides were straight different from the stepped pyramids- Pyramid texts explained that the pharaoh was believed to use them as a ramp to go to the sun god- Khufu is the tallest and oldest of the three - Each block weighs 2.5 tons- There seem to be ramps inside of the pyramid that might have been used in the construction- The interior had multiple chambers and it is not certain why- The pyramids did not stand alone there were mastabas and chapels next to it - There were river pathways to the pyramids- The Sphinx is a mysterious creature part feline part human - It represents the pharaoh Khafre and is meant to be a portrait for the Ka- Another statue of Khafre was made out of diorite the statue of Gudea was influenced by this statue- Pharaoh statues had similar qualities they had a frontal view with square forms and the pharaoh had a still posture- It had a false beard- They would wear a nemes made of linen- There would be a cobra representing divinity on the front of the headdress - The king/pharaoh is shown idealized rather than realistically - It would have young muscular features but does not necessarily represent the pharaoh at any point in time- Pepy II and his mother These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- The mother was a place holder for the child king until he was old enough to rule- The queen had a frontal view and with a stiff position but did not have all the features ofthe pharaoh- There is an inscription on the statues - The child king in this statue looks has features of a 20 year old man but just shrunk down- Seated scribe is a statue of high ranked person - Higher ranked people could have statues made of limestone of themselves- These statues were less idealistic and more realistic- The First intermediate period was the period of chaos following an uprising against the pharaoh- The Middle Kingdom was Dynasties XI-XIV- There is a change in the middle kingdom there are more realistic portraits - Rock-cut tombs take the place of the mastaba tombs since they are more permanent- Stele of Amenemhat was painted on a limestone and had a bit of relief - It showed the unity of the family and they seem supportive- There is a pile of offerings - This image is as a back up if the family does not support the dead person at least there isthis image- The New Kingdom was from 1539-1075 BCE- The Middle Kingdom fell to the Hyksos who invaded their land- Hykos’ rule is the 2nd Intermediary period- The Hyksos were overthrown by the native Egyptian kings of the 17th dynasty- Thebes was the new capital in Upper Egypt - This was a powerful moment for Egypt as they had more land and took part in international activity- The most important structures of this time are the temples- Hatshepsut names herself pharaoh she became king when her husband died and his son from another wife is next to in line to the throne but she rules until she dies- He is not happy about this and when he becomes pharaoh he tries to destroy her memory by throwing thing out but this instead this helped preserve it- There is the mortuary temple of Hatshepsut that is a funerary temple- Hatshepsut with offering jars is a statue where she is reflected as a pharaoh with the fake beard and with a rather masculine appearance - Hatshepsut Enthroned she looks more feminine and does not have the beard Key TermsNemes- headdress worn by
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