ARTH 1380 1ST Edition Lecture 4 Outline of Last Lecture - Paleolithic sculptures. - Cave Paintings- Quote from the New York Journal-Professor Costello’s experience with cave paintings-Different type of cave paintings- Interpretations of cave paintings.Outline of Current Lecture - Transition/ Mesolithic Period- Fertile Crescent- Neolithic Period- Fork hill Current Lecture- The Transition period or Mesolithic period was from 12,000 to 8,000 BC.- In this period the people had semi-permanent housing meaning they would stay in a certain area for seasons or longer periods of time; they were not as nomadic.- They created built settlements that were sturdier.- There was a climate change it was warmer and wetter - The Fertile Crescent was the Northern part of Mesopotamia and this was the birthplace of many things primarily where people first farmed.- It corresponds to the geographical area where dry farming is possible without the need of an irrigation system.- Near this area the people found wild wheat that grows naturally and can be collected.- At one point people realized that they could grow it themselves.- The Neolithic Period known as the New Stone Age was from 8,000 to 5,000 BC.- People had permanent settlements, which meant they had to make changes in their lifestyle like creating a waste system and basic rules.- People are thought to have settled down because they had more food available, more vegetation. - We cannot make the assumption that they settled down as soon as they had a chance because this is not very likely.- There were disadvantages to permanent settlements because it made them vulnerable to predators, other people trying to use the same land and natural disasters.These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- Other disadvantages were that they could use up resources, have a drought, or even suffer from a climate shift.- Another problem was that since they lived in a certain area for so long that if they needed to move they would have lost knowledge of surrounding land and past living settlements.- The people became more exposed to diseases since they lived together and closer for longer periods of time.- An issue that also arose is that they had to find new ways of solving conflict because they could not just leave their home or move to a new land like before, but had to resolve the conflict.- In this new period of time the people learned how to produce their own food.- They also learned how domesticate animals.- The people found ways to store their food as well.- Another change was that families would have more children, as they did not have to move around anymore.- In this point in time was when pottery was invented.- It was also discovered that some of the first buildings had ritual meanings or other formsof significance and they were thought to be created before people became sedentary. - Catal Huyuk (Fork Hill) it’s the largest Neolithic site in the near East.- It was never cover or resettled.- It is very well preserved the rooms in the buildings are preserved to the rood level whichis not common- It is significant because it has strange and crazy art.Key TermsSedentary- living or settling in one area, not migratoryFertile Crescent- area of fertile land in Middle East in northern Mesopotamia Animal husbandry- the breeding of domesticated
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