ARTH 1380 1st EditionExam # 3 Study Guide Lectures: 28 - 37Lecture 28 (November 6)When were the periods of Pre-Constantine and Imperial Christian?- Pre-Constantine was from 29-313 and Imperial Christian was from 313-526.What was the Good Shepherd?- In the painted ceiling of the catacomb we see in the middle Christ as the good shepherd and in other divisions. There are orants around the ceiling they are small sculptures that represent prayers. In the lunette there is painting of Jonah and the whale. This shows how Christian art had common themes.What are the common themes of Christian art?- One theme is deliverance through divine intervention, the idea that God can save you and examples to show that you could be saved. Some of these examples are Jonah and the whale and the sacrifice of Isaac whom is saved by God in the end. Salvation through sacraments these were most important for early church. Example of these paintings are baptism and Eucharist and baptism was illustrated the most. Another theme is salvation through prayer and this is shown through orants. Another important theme is Christ as the good shepherd. This theme is broken down as Christ as philosopher or teacher. The images of Christ is to show him as gentle this was still a new church they were trying to get converts.What is the sarcophagus of Santa Maria?- Sarcophagus of Santa Maria shows how there were similar themes in sarcophagus as in catacombs. These sarcophagi were carved with scenes it was not always Christian but burying the dead was introduced by monotheistic religions because pagans would usually cremate their dead. It shows a baptism.What is the painting of The Crossing of the Red Sea?- In the image Crossing of the Red Sea it shows the hands of God parting the water. It is from the bible story. It shows two images of Moses and the story is basically told in one image this is common in the art style from this time.What is Christ as the good shepherd lunette?- In the lunette as Christ is shown as one of the themes the good shepherd. He is shown as a gentle Christ patient and forgiving to welcome people to convert.Lecture 29 (November 8) What is the transfiguration of Saint Apollinare?- This is in the church Saint Apollinare that is located in Italy. The interior of Sant’ Apollinare has a long frieze looks classical it is richly decorated What is the church of Constanza?- The church of Santa Constanza was from the fourth century a central plan church. It was made and dedicated to Constantine’s daughter Constanza. It was built to mark the tomb of Constanza it was originally a mausoleum and later became a church. It did not have a nave it was like a tower and this would have been for her sarcophagus it looks classical. It has an ambulatory which is the aisle that goes around it.Lecture 30 (November 11)When and what were the different phases of Byzantine art?- They were: Early Byzantine 527-726 CE, Iconoclasm 726-843 CE, Middle Byzantine 843-1204 CE, Late Byzantine 1261-1453 CE What is the Haiga Sophia?- Haiga Sophia means “Holy wisdom”. It was under the direction of Justinian. When it was turned into mosque they white washed the Christian themes off the walls. It is now restored into a museum so the paintings that were white washed were restored. It is notthe original dome because the top dome collapsed and was replaced. It is a central-plan church. The church is built out of brick not concrete. The diameter of the top dome is thirty-one meters. It has surrounding domes and structures to support the top dome. The four posts were added when it was converted into a mosque. The dome is not on top of a cylinder but instead a square. It does not have an oculus at the top for light to enter. There are windows on the top dome structure and this allows light to enter and gives the illusion that the dome is floating.Lecture 31 (November 13)What is Saint Mark?- St. Marks is a church similar to the Haiga Sophia it has five domes. The interior there are many windows and they would light up the paintings. There are 40,000 square feet of mosaics it took centuries for all of these.What is the Virgin of Vladimir?- The Virgin of Vladimir is an icon that was believed to have protected Russia from the Polish invasion. The people actually believed the figure had power. This is a loving image of Christ young and innocent. Icons are eternal images and not snapshots so in this case she knows that Christ will eventually die and that is why she is sad.Lecture 32 (November 18)Who was Mohammed? - In 570 was the birth of Mohammed, great prophet of Islam, in Mecca, Arabia. He introduces a new religion based on allegiance to one God. Originally the message of Mohammad was not accepted. In 622 Mohammed’s flight to Medina: Hijira. In 630 Mohammed returns to Mecca with an army and converts people to Islam with some force . Shortly after in 632 was the death of Mohammed.What is the Dome of Rock?- The Dome of Rock is to show the triumph of Islam in the holy land. The monument type is recognizable but it is different. A mosque needs to accommodate a great amount of people so they usually follow a basilica plan. The Dome of Rock is a central plan mosque and this is a special purpose building it is to mark an important holy site with long religious history. It is not intended to accommodate many people at once. The large dome stands out the building has a rich exterior with color and pattern that is created bytile work. Islamic art excels in material and decorative art they use textiles and metals. The interior of the dome has windows similar to Christian church interior very decoratedand the use of pattern and calligraphy becomes an art used to decorate a surface. Written word becomes religious art work. Patterns are often geometric and there is also vegetal (plants) designs and these patterns enables the artist to create an unending repetition allows mind to think of God as infinite.What is the Wagner Carpet?- The Wagner carpet is made of knotted wool it has vegetal decoration it evokes beauty ofnature and suggests the gardens of paradise.Lecture 33 (November 20)What is the Qur’an age?- Qur’an page shows how calligraphy is noblest form of art because of the connection to the Qur’an. Calligraphers are important people and have an important status.When is Medieval art and who were the people from this era?- Medieval art is from the period 476-1050 CE. There were different groups of people and were in constant conflict with