KIN 272 Anatomy & Physiology II Fall 2013Exam 3 Review Sheet1. What are the functions of the lymphatic system?a. production, maintenance, distribution of lymphocytesb. maintenance/uptake of lymphatic tissuesc. maintain the lymphatic tube system (vessels)2. What are lymphatic capillaries and how are they connected to the circulatory system?a. lymphatic capillaries are terminal lymphatic vessels, has an end to it (rounded on the end), found in immediate surrounding of capillaries, epithelial lining (is consistent with one line, has overlapping layers of epithelial tissue, has basement membrane)3. What is the structure of a lymphatic capillary?a. Overlapping sectionsb. Flaps anchors by collagen fibersi. Function: keep out bacteria (bacteria can travel with other substances through little spaces)ii. Bacteria can also be trapped inside the capillary (it prevents them from going to the tissues if they are inside the lymphatic capillary)iii. flaps create one way valvesc. They are strategically placed near capillary/veinule.d. They increase the water concentration of interstitial spacee. It absorbs water to prevent the body from getting swollenf. Hydrostatic (oncotic) pressure pulls water into the spaces in between overlapsg. Water filtered into interstitial space and contains many things such as nutrients, oxygen, sodium, potassium, foreign invaders…4. What is lymph?a. Once you move H2O & waste & bacteria into the lymphatic capillary it is known as lymph (interstitial fluid, water, wastes, etc.)b. Lymphatic capillary contains lymphc. One way valves keep it contained in there, it doesn’t have the ability to leaved. Lymph is cleaned then moved back to circulatory system5. What are the lymphatic vessels?a. The lymphatic vessels branch into larger vesselsb. Terminal lymphatic vessels branch into…c. small lymphatic vesselsd. major lymphatic collecting vessels (superficial and deep)e. lymphatic trunks6. What are lymphatic collecting tubes? Trunks? Ducts?a. Lymphatic collecting vesselsi. Two collecting systems – superficial and deep1. Deep – muscles, deep arteries & veins2. Superficial – superficial collecting vessels3. Categories based on where they collect fromii. Collect lymph from the small lymphatic vesselsiii. Larger in diameter than smaller collecting vesselsiv. Venous side systemKIN 272 Anatomy & Physiology II Fall 2013Exam 3 Review Sheetv. System of movement (small major collecting vesselstrunksb. Trunksi. Lymphatic collecting vessels move closer to the trunk (thoracic cavity)ii. Distal ends, lymphatic capillaries & small lymphatic vesselsiii. Collecting vessels- merge into handful of trunksiv. Lymphatic trunks merge into ducts -v. Rely on respiratory pump, muscular system pump, and one way valvesc. Ductsi. Right lymphatic ductii. Thoracic duct7. What are the two major lymphatic ducts and where do they receive lymph from?a. The two major lymphatic ducts are right lymphatic and thoracici. Right lymphatic1. Right side of body2. Above the diaphragm3. Connects to right subclavian veinii. Thoracic1. Lower ½ of the body2. Below the diaphragm3. Whole left side4. Connects to the junction of internal/external left jugular veins8. what are the three types of lymphocytes and how do the differ from one another?a. T cellsi. Thymus derived cellsii. Initially formed in bone marrowiii. Omatopoesisiv. Halfway mature, leave bone marrow and go into circulationv. Go to thymus (under sternum)vi. Matured thereb. B cellsi. Bone marrow derived cellsii. Don’t leave bone marrow until they matureiii. They form therec. NK cellsi. Natural killer cellii. Fewer percentage than the other cellsiii. Responsible for looking for self cells that don’t act as self cellsiv. Glycocalix – protein/glycogen component has changed, don’t function asself cellsv. Pre-cancerous killervi. Kill non self cellsvii. Do a good job catching cancer cells before they spread9. know the process of lymphopoiesis10. What is lymphoid tissue?KIN 272 Anatomy & Physiology II Fall 2013Exam 3 Review Sheeta. Tonsilsi. Large nodulesii. Pharynxiii. 5 tonsilsiv. next to oral cavityv. bombarded with bad stuff, keep you healthyvi. swollen when overwhelmed11. What are payers patches (MALT) and where can they be found?a. Mucosa associated lymphatic tissueb. because it is in mucosa like tissuec. Any tissue with epithelia like mucosa membraned. Epithelial cells that produce mucus (goblet cells – release mucus)e. Small and large intestinef. In the respiratory system12. Know the non-specific defenses in detail (physical barriers, phagocytes, natural killer cells, complement, interferon, inflammation, fever)a. Physical barriersi. Integumentary system1. Skinii. Mucus membranes1. Orifices covered2. Throat, nose, digestive tract, respiratory system, lower end of digestive system3. Goblet cellsb. Phagocytesi. Neutrophilsii. Eat thingsiii. Eosinophilsiv. Alveoliv. Migratoryvi. Digestive enzymes usedc. Natural killer cellsi. Migratoryii. Police tissuesiii. Police blood, organs…iv. Look for atypical cellsv. Identify glycocalixvi. Act spontaneouslyvii. 1.recognize glycocalixviii. 2. Golgi faces bad cellix. releases perforinx. lyse membrane of target celld. Complementi. Active when sickKIN 272 Anatomy & Physiology II Fall 2013Exam 3 Review Sheetii. Assists other thingsiii. Attaches to cells, makes holes in membraneiv. Opsonization – make things stickye. Interferoni. Interfer with plot of foreign invaderii. Sends message that it has been attacked and is going to die to other cellsiii. Decrease ability of foreign invader to multiplyf. Inflammationi. Acute and chronicii. Trauma, heat, irritation, chem. injury, infection, foreign invadersg. Feveri. Abnormally high body tempii. Temp above homeostasisiii. Pyrogen resets the thermostativ. Increased tem – chem. reactions happen faster, activate enzymes13. know the difference between the two types of specific defenses (cell mediated and antibody mediated)a. cell mediated means using all T cells as a specific defenseb. antibody mediatedi. helper T cell  clone  plasma cell (antibodies)  memory cellsii. plasma cells produce antibodies which stick to foreign invader1. have memorized coating2. antibodies made from nucleusiii. memory cells1. remember provious foreign invaders for a while (months to years)14. know the differences between innate, active, passive, and active immunitya. innatei. genetically determinedii. linked to chromosomes/DNAiii. ability to replicate genes and