11.25.13 kin 272 class notes- Functions of Renal/Urinary systemo 1. Remove excess ions and metabolic wastes Byproducts from chemical reactions are filtered out by this systemo 2. Regulate blood volume Always have about 5L of blood circulatingo 3. Produce an enzyme, RENIN Is the lead component of the renin-angiotensin system Major hormonal system we have for regulating blood pressure Without renin, we can’t use this system ^ Kidney determines what blood pressure is likeo 4. Production of EPOo 5. Convert vitamin D to an active form Important for formation of blood cells - Kidneyso 2 of themo Bean shapedo Inferior vena cava & renal veinso Abdominal aorta & renal arterieso Ureters come down from kidneys, go to the bladder (holding tank for fluid) Urethra allow fluids to leave (different for males/females)o Located between T12 and L3 Lumbar spine (basically)o Ribs end at about the top of the kidneys (not covered) Kidney disorder, infection, etc. experience pain inferior to ribs (most posterior organs in the cavity)o Renal pyramids…how they collect fluid into the ureter- Microscopic component associated with an arterioleo Went into a covering called bowman’s capsuleo Glymarulis – knot of arteriole Has small holes in it/spaces in it (fenestrations) Allow things to be pushed out of the glymarulis and into the glamarular capsuleo Afferent arteriole travels in, efferent travels outo Bomen’s capsule Proximal/distal convoluted tubule, inbetween is the loop of henle- Ascending/descending segmento Loop of Henle Thin descending side, thin ascending side Network of capillaries surrounding Capillary network bed = peritubular capillaries- Typically found near loop of henle, intertwined with distal/proximal convoluted tubules Interstitial fluid is inbetween cells In the kidney (nephrons packed together) – peritubular fluid surrounding them- Nephron – produces urineo Gets rid of wasteso Regulates the blood- 2 different kinds of nephronso cortical nephrons 85% of all nephrons the entire nephron is in the renal cortex short loop of henleo juxtamedullary nephrons glymerulis is found in cortex 15% of nephrons (not nearly as many of these) very long loops of henle dip down deep in medullary pyramids long straight capillaries- parallel to loops of henle- vasa recta- plays role in RBC production- juxtaglomerular apparatuso bundle of epithelial cells that link with each other – communicate chemically to control enzymes/hormones that are releasedo vasa recta connected to thiso DCT – walls contain epithelial cells that have ability to sense chemicals running through them Macula densa The reason they are specialized: chemically coordinate with juxtaglomular cell - Smooth muscle fibers in walls of afferent arterioleo Two dif cell types working togethero DCT Simple cuboidal epithelial cellso Notes chemicals travelling through spaceso Cells have ability based on chemical changes to know what blood volume is, red cell count, make a change to help thato Responsible for releasing EPO and Renin- Blood pressure changes that the kidney makes are long term changeso Time differential for hormonal release is a slow acting efforto Kidney could take hourso Increase in blood pressure during exercise are fluid driven- Formation of urine- Extra credit questiono 12 min stand heart rate increase- this occurred because decrease in sv -- > decrease in vena return because the person was standing still for 12 minutes (relies on skeletal muscle contractions (blood pool in legs)) pulse pressure decreased Q went up then down then upo Sit
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