12.6.13 kin 272 class notes- Final examo Monday o 1:30 pmo Totman- Moutho Mechanical processingo Mechanical breakdowno Salivary amylase Initial breakdown of starcho Deglutition Means to swallow Close epiglottis- Stomacho NS gastric juiceo Lining is simple columnar epitheliumo Entrance of food can cause you to release gastric juiceo Acid Decrease pH of the stomach Site, thought, entrance of food…o When the pH of the stomach decreases: GASTRINo Gastrin causes pepsinogens to be released from walls as well as mucous and HCl Multifaceted process Pepsinogens are there for breakdown of initial protein digestion Start to digest proteinso Gastrin can induce mucous Protects lining of stomach High acidity inside the stomach, it will burn itself without mucous There are cases… heart burn- Esophageal sphyncter – weak in infants and as you age- More acid produces, muscle can’t hold acid down there, creeps up esophagus (doesn’t produce as much mucous)- Creates paino Rennin Believed to be Only found in infants Breakdown of milk proteinso Absorption: water following ions, electrolytes, things that it is attracted to, alcohol, occasionally glucose (only absorbed following sodium and if body is in need of it)o No glucose channels for it to be absorbed through the stomacho Pyloric sphincter End of stomach Segmentation – mixes it all together- Produces a substance called chyme – watery food- Pushed out of pyloric sphincter at 1-2 tbs ever 5 mins orsoo Pyloric sphincter duodenumo Exercise slows it down by the amount of time that you exercise for- Duodenum o Two main ducts that lead into that One comes from the pancreas (Pancreatic juice) The other comes from the gallbladder/ liver (common bile duct)- Releases bile- Emulsifies fat- FFA’s Chyme enters at a slow pace because it needs to be mixed with everything coming from ductso Pancreatic duct: Pancreatic juice- Comes from pancreatic duct, pancreas- What is in pancreatic juice?o Pretty much everythingo Contains: Pancreatic amylase – finish breakdown of starch and CHO’s (started in mouth) Trypsin, chymotrypsin, carboxypeptidase – three enzymes that complete Lipase- Complete breakdown of whatever fat/lipid breakdown you need to get to FFA’s- Lipases will complete breakdown Nucleases- Responsible for breakdown of nucleic acids- Mix together, travel 22 ft- During travelling, mixed with enzymes to be broken down- Remainder of small intestine- Jejunum iliumo Absorption of: nucleic acidso Amino acidso Glucoseo FFA’so Smaller chemical pieces we have gotten tooo One last important role of pancreas:o Pancreas insulin uptake of glucose into muscle liver Insulin is multifaceted- Large intestineo No digestive enzymeso No chemical digestiono Resident bacteria is presento In the walls of colono Epithelial cells of large intestine “good bacteria”o Balance of bacteria from probiotics, yogurt, etc.o Used to pass through food, balance of what’s going to be absorbed from what remainso Imbalance – large intestine doesn’t function wello Certain funtions linked to not having enough bacteriao Probiotic: good bacteriao vitamins (k& B)o H2Oo Mass movement Once or twice each day When the stomach is full- Appendixo Not as much bacteria in our foodo Shrunken, not used as mucho Immune system function to remove bacteria from what you
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