9.9.13 Kin 272 lecture notes- Kin Club Wednesday @ 5:30 Totman lobby GO!o Build networking!- RBC’so Gone over concept of what’s in the tubeo 99.9% RBC component in bottomo Middle of tube: buffy coat, very thino When done with tubes and measuring them, leave on tray or in playdoh. If you leave in sideways all cells go back into plasmao Wear gloves to measure another person’s tube- Image of RBCo Shape is biconcave disc Means it is caved in on both sides – not round Flat and disclike/Frisbee-likeo No nucleus in this cell Maturation process: nucleus gets smaller and is thrown awayo Hemoglobin – red pigment in cell Protein in quaternary form/structure Contains 4 star shaped tertiary structures that are bound together- Each tertiary unit contains a heme unito Composed mainly of irono High affinity for oxygen (LOVES OXYGEN)o Attracted to oxygeno Oxygen likes irono Easy for them to bindo Easy for hemoglobin to bind to four oxygens Hemoglobin carries 4 oxygen typically Low affinity for carbon dioxide and hydrogen- it can carry these but not all at the same time- one or the other- it will only bond to one carbon dioxide or one hydrogen at a time (not more than one) hemoglobin won’t function unless its in quaternary form- red blood cello almost ready to burst when first created due to hemoglobino biconcave shape reasons diameter is slightly larger than that of capillary capillary is smallest blood vessel on arterial side how does it fit then?- the cell bends and folds- touches the walls of the capillaries as it goes through- thin walls in RBC as well as capillary- makes it easier to diffuse (diffusible rate goes up) oxygen out and diffuse carbon dioxide ino red cells can stack like dinner plates, therefore fit more in a small space more cells fit into capillaries! Like a stack of bowls increases surface area to volume ratio – can hold more gas, surface area to diffuse out of is larger therefore it diffuses fastero cell delivers oxygen, this goes to the muscle/cell, into the mitochondria, it is there as final electron acceptor at the end of electron transport chain. Can make tons of ATP! Wooo each RBC has a lifespan of about 120 days - ish athletes have less 3-4 months walls wear out, it recycles itself they wear out because of the capillaries it touches before it bursts, it goes through recycling process each travels about 700 miles 1% of circulating red cells are replaced everyday- how many? 3 million RBC- other statistics:o each RBC contains about 280 million hemoglobin (Hb)o how many oxygen can one RBC carry?o If oxygen is bound to hemoglobin it is called oxyhemoglobin When oxygen unbinds, its called deoxyhemoglobin Will often rebind to something else Carbaminohemoglobin Hydrogenhemoglobin – (HHb)- Concentration of oxygen that is bound to hemoglobin is based on 3 characteristicso Oxyhemoglobin determined by 3 thingso 1. Plasma levels of oxygen are low – hemoglobin releases oxygen what causes levels to go down? Usually because oxygen is being removed quickly from surrounding tissues- Metabolism goes up – exerciseo 2. In the tissues the concentration of carbon dioxide is high Hb releases O2 The more CO2 production, the more oxygeno 3. Plasma oxygen levels are high – hemoglobin absorbs oxygen the concentration of oxygen in plasma goes up so it gets absorbed this happens in the lungs! Lungs blow off carbon dioxide and take in more oxygen- RBC recyclingo Athletes recycle faster Makes sense because that red cell travelled a lot quicker/more than someone who is sedentary Membranes get worn out fastero 90-120 dayso don’t want a hole and for cell to burst – have contents inside of artery etc. results in blood clot fibrinogen becomes fibrin, etc.o it is engulfed by a phagocyte WBC receives a message that the RBC is about to burst White blood cell engulfs it before it bursts Protection mechanism to prevent damage on inside of blood vessel Membrane starts to dissolve The insides are removed by WBC- hemoglobin- Hemoglobin recycling- Happening on inside of WBC- 280 mil. Pieces of hemoglobin are taken apart- heme unit is taken off- strip chains of iron componento to denature a quaternary protein you need to cut bonds between tertiary groups – break it into tertiary structure alpha chains sent to kidneys as it travels to kidney it denatures goes from tertiary structure to a secondary break R group bonds goes from secondary to primary- break hydrogen bonds primary – snip apart amino acids – a protein can’t go through kidneys but amino acids cano beta chains go to the livero all of the contents of RBC are removedo WBC filled with heme units Heme unit is stripped of iron- Completely comes off It is then called biliverdin- This is orange The iron that was taken off goes into the blood and into the bone marrow – its recycled for when you want to make more hemoglobin- Iron is hard to come by- Anemic – low RBC & low iron levels- Need to consume more red meat because it has iron- Iron fortified things Biliverdin (breaks down) bilirubin- WBC spits it out- Yellowish/greenish color- It goes to liver- Liver says thanks! I needed that- Liver forms bile with it- Bile is in digestive system and breaks down fat- Leads into digestive system!- Your body recycles very well!- Bilirubin stays in body – jaundiceo Break down RBC, liver isn’t breaking down hemoglobin correctlyo Young babieso Put them under lights and it helps