9.6.13 Kin 272 lecture notes- 9 quizzes – lowest droppedo 15% of your grade (not too much but still significant)o each quiz is 2%- 2 lab exams = 25 questions eacho lots of identification- Blood activity in lab next week and week after- Circulatory Systemo Made up of blood & blood vesselso The contents and the container that the blood is traveling througho Contents: Blood Five major functions:- 1. Transportation of substances (ex. Oxygen, dissolved gases, carbon dioxide, nutrients, glucose, ions, sodium &potassium)- 2. Regulation of pHo sodium & potassium transportationo blood helps to regulate their concentrationo they are important because they trigger action potentials in the nerveso they need to have resting potential! Without it, you won’t be able to depolarizeo imbalanced pH = muscle spasms- 3. Restriction of fluid losso protein components allow you to clot at an injurysiteo decrease fluid loss through clot formation- 4. Defense against foreign invaderso toxins, pathogenso lymphocytes are part of immune systemo lymphocytes are white blood cellso lymphocytes are normally in tissues- 5. stabile body temperatureo blood can carry heat!o One of your first defenses against heat intolerance.o Low circulation = get cold/hot easiero Composition of blood What is it made out of? In lab… fill tiny tubes with blood (takes 15 drops)- Centrifuge – heavy stuff goes to the outside (or the bottom of the tube)- This happens to blood- Heavy cells & water separate- Water= plasma- Plasma should be somewhere between 46-63%- Formed elements make up the remaining “stuff”o Cells & cell fragments- Hematocrit= % of formed elementso # of cell / total- plasmao plasma proteins albumin 60% of plasma proteins- attract water- oncotic pressure – water pressure- substances that pull water towardsit (f.y.i. hydrostatic pushes water out, like a hose filled with water & holes in it)- albumins allow Fatty acid binding protein- needed during metabolism of fats- transport fats, hormones globulins- 35% of plasma protein- often referred to as immunoglobins- fancy name ^ for antibody- antibodies help with cell defense- antibodies are proteins- why do you want antibodies in blood?- If a virus gets in, that’s where it will go(to the blood) Fibrinogens (inactive protein)- 4% of plasma proteins- clotting- fibrin – active form – occurs after injury- similar to hay straw- forms a patch over injury site- knife cuts capillaryo forms a patch so you don’t keep bleeding- if they accident/injury isn’t formedfrom an external injury…o inside of blood vessel has broken/crackedo fibrinogens try to fix themo clot breaks looseo can lead to blood clot – stroke, heart attack serum- what you have if clotting proteins are removed from plasma- formed elementso 1. Red blood cells – erythrocytes 99.9% in between RBC’s and plasma = buffy coato 2. White blood cellso 3. Platelets cell fragments white blood cell that burst into shattered pieces assist with
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