Anatomy Physiology II Exam 3 1 What are the functions of the lymphatic system 1 production maintenance and distribution of lymphocytes 2 maintenance of lymphatic tissues ass tissue associated with lymphocytes 3 circulation of lymphocytes in blood regulation 2 What are lymphatic capillaries and how are they connected to the circulatory system Smallest of lymphatic vessels Located in surrounding areas of where capillaries meet veinules Anchored to area it sits in by collagen and elastic fibers not free floating 3 What is the structure of lymphatic capillaries Have a blunt rounded end Contain pores that act as one way valves in there structure created by overlapping membranes Have collagen and elastic fibers that anchor lymphatic capillary to the area it sits in the anchored portion vs the non anchored portion creates the one way flaps Water that has been pushed out of capillaries during do to hydrostatic pressure filtration goes into the interstitial fluid The water then seeps from the interstitial fluid into lymphatic capillaries through their one way valves and can t leave because they are one way flaps Lymphatic tubes that run parallel to arteries and veins Lymphatic capillaries drain into small lymphatic vessels that empty into major lymph collecting 4 What is lymph Fluid inside the lymphatic vessels made up of water major component Where does the water come from cellular waste white blood cells 5 What are lymphatic vessels tubes vessels are larger than capillaries 6 What are collecting tubes Trunks Ducts Collecting tubes receive lymph from small lymphatic vessels and empty into lymphatic trunks larger than the small lymphatic vessels there are 2 major lymph collecting tubes 1 superficial region collects from skin 2 deep region collects from internal organs Trunks Ducts receive lymph from collecting tubes and empty into 1 of the 2 lymphatic ducts along trunk pathway are circular collections of lymphatic tissues called lymphnodes receive lymph from trunks there are two 1 thoracic duct empties into superior vena cava where the subclavian vein joins 2 right lymphatic duct empties into inferior vena cava 7 What are the two major lymphatic ducts and how do they differ from one another 1 Thoracic duct receives lymph from entire lower half of the body below the diaphragm as well as everything on the left hand side of the body and empty into superior vena cava 2 Right lymphatic duct received lymph from upper right side of body above diaphragm and empties into inferior vena cava 8 What are the 3 types of lymphocytes and how do they differ from one another 1 T cells 2 B cells 3 Natural Killer cells 9 Process of lymphopoiesis hemocytoblast forms ALL blood cells lymphoid stem cell myloid stem cell B cells bone marrow derived mature in bone marrow NK cells natural killer cells T cells thymus derived mature in thymus in bone marrow in thymus formation of all RBC WBC except lymphocytes and platelets Formation of lymphocytes Maturation process protein folding finalizing of organelles and completing nucleus 10 What is lymphoid tissue Collections of lymphocytes that deal with purification 1 MALT 2 tonsils collections of lymphatic tissues found in the back of the throat that contain large quantities of lymphocytes not as well developed at lymphnodes NOT a lymphatic organ help to keep airway free of foreign invaders get inflamed swollen when we get sick because they are overwhelmed by the foreign invaders 11 What are payers patches MALT and where can they be found MALT mucosa associated lymphatic tissue main function is to clean out the mucus that catches foreign invaders Collections of lymphatic tissues and high quantities of lymphocytes that can be found in the mucosa of various regions and kill whatever foreign invaders mucosa section of epithelial cells that create mucus mucosa are located in esophagus trachea brachial tubes and bronchi small and large intestines hemocytoblast forms ALL blood cells lymphoid stem cell in bone marrowB cells bone marrow derived mature in bone marrowNK cells natural killer cells in thymus T cells thymus derived mature in thymusmyloid stem cell formation of all RBC WBC except lymphocytes and platelets mucus is used to reduce friction allow faster movement and as a sticky adherent to catch foreign invaders Specific form of MALT payers patch payers patches are specifically named clusters of lymphatic tissues found in digestive organs small and large intestine job is to get rid of bacteria foreign invaders within the food we eat Lymphatic organs 1 Lymphnodes end More highly organized collections of lymphatic tissues have membranes nervous system relationship far more developed in terms of lymphatic tissue There are three lymphnodes spleen and thymus Contain lymphocytes phagocytes and macrophages that all defend against foreign invaders phagocytes and macrophages eat bacteria foreign invaders Lymph goes in through afferent end get purified and leaves through the efferent Lymphnodes exist throughout the entire body but there are higher concentrations of lymphnodes in the cervical region axillary region and inguinal region Why are there higher concentration of lymphnodes in these regions because these are the areas where appendages connect to the trunk of the body there are many lymphnodes here in order to protect the trunk where all our vital organs are body will sacrifice a limb to protect the trunk if it has to When a lymphnode is swollen or larger than the rest it is an indication that they are overwhelmed and trying to fight foreign invaders Part of endocrine system as a gland that secretes hormones and immune system as key part of Located in the mediastinum underneath the manubrium of the sternum in between the bone and 2 Thymus development of lymphocytes the superior end of the heart and lungs Has 2 lobes 2 halves inside the 2 halves is reticular connective tissue that contains a section that has large quantities of lymphocytes Responsibility of the thymus is to mature and develop the lymphocytes inside of them into T cells thymus derived cell 3 Spleen If you have a malfunctioning thymus or no thymus you have no T cells Located on the left side of the body inferior below the heart and diaphragm and posterior behind the stomach large intestine and all other digestive system organs in that corner Responsible for running entire immune system therefore if perforated or damaged it is very dangerous to immunity of the body Full of bacteria waste and foreign invades