10.9.13 kin 272 class notes- Arterioleso Resistance vesselso Undergo vasoconstriction/vasodilationo Dictate flow, where the blood goeso Create resistance in the peripheryo Change vessel diametero Finite amount of blood- Exercise on a hot dayo Negative feedback loopo Increase temp on skino Hypothalamus says vasodilate blood vessels of skino Start working out…the blood goes to the muscleso Ideal pool temp is in mid 70’s… has to do with this- Autoregulationo Use the brain as a second resorto Pathway of maintaining homeostasiso Local tissue factorso Change in abdominal cavity in terms of blood flow first- Local vasodilatorso Increase carbon dioxide or decrease oxygen in tissueo Increase in lactic acid Sign of fast glycolysis Working at high intensityo Release of nitric oxide from endothelial cells NO2 Body releases this when there are lots of lactic acid, when we need oxygen, or after injuryo Basophils – response to injury Nitric oxide- euphoric effecto Increase hydrogen and potassium in interstitial fluido Local inflammatory chemicals basophilso Increase temperature will induce local vasodilation- Local vasoconstrictorso Aggregation of platelets – blood cloto Decreases fluid loss- Neural mechanisms – if those other things don’t worko Vasomotiono Neurotransmitterso Widespread vasoconstriction Norepinephrine Stimulates and contracts smooth muscleo Widespread vasodilation NO2 Epinephrine, acetylcholine Relax smooth muscle to induce vasodilation In the brain & in skeletal muscle – this is more specific than widespread HIGHLY specific & controlled- Capillaryo Purpose: exchange vesselso Exchange: nutrients, O2, glucoseo Wastes: CO2, lactic acid- Osmosiso Used to exchange- Capillary o Beginning has fast speed for flowo End: slower flow- Hydrostatic pressure: force of moving fluid pressure against wallo Faster: more pressureo Forces fluid outwardo With that water… is oxygen, nutrients, mixed in with water are nutrientso Process of pushing water out in beginning of capillary is filtration- Filtrationo Beginning of capillaryo Hydrostatic pressure is high- A lot of oncotic particles on the insideo These particles pull water towards them- At the end of the capillary, water is pulled inwardo Mixed in with that water is Co2, wasteso Process at end of capillary is absorptiono Absorption at end of capillary 1. Hydrostatic pressure is low 2. oncotic pressure is
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