10.28.13 kin 272 class notes- T cell markerso CD8 markers Located more on cytotoxic or suppressor T cells Match to what is known as a class 1 MHC Protein- Classify proteins on foreign invaderso CD4 markers Found on helper T cells Respond to class 2 MHC protein markers- Analyze foreign invader and decide what to do with ito Classify by class I or class II Protein surrounding antigen More complicated = need antibody Less complicated = use cytotoxic system- MHC protein class as antigen on foreign invadero Class I Kill me! I’m abnormal Less complex coatingo Class II More complex system “I’m dangerous” require a system to get rid of them please use antibodies analyzed by helper T cell – decides to go mediator route…- look at antibodieso protein derivativeo two light chains shorter, in blue in lectureo two heavy chains longer, in black in lectureo some reasons are variable and some are constanto constant sequences NEVER CHANGE makes antibody constant in its shapeo on edges amino acids are variable sections have ability to change to match that of an antigeno complement binds somewhere in the middle at a constant site attaches to antibody on heavy chaino variable regions are determined when a clone cell is madeo clone cell is made based variable regions forms plasma & memory cell plasma- mass produces antibodieso (proteins)- fast rates- secretes antibodies at 2000 antibodies per secondo clone cell – memorizes the antigenic determinants memory B cell- remember how to make antibodies again plasma cell- spits out antibodies- 2000/second- dies in 4-5 days- peak antibodies in 10-11 days takes 2 weeks to get rid of virus… peak in antibody numbers in 5 days the next time you are exposed because of memory B cells- different categories of antibodies (immunoglobins)o 5 classes:o 1. IgG class largest, most diverse class 80% of antibodies resistance to viruses, bacteria, toxins… ability to cross placenta during development can be handed down innate immunity Y - shapedo 2. IgE class smaller in percentage attach to surfaces of basophils enhance action of a basophil responsible for allergic reactions & inflammation Y - shapedo 3. IgD class on surface of B cells extracellular fluid to increase the activation/attack of B cell Y shapedo 4. IgM class first antibody secreted after an attack secreted for first 24 hours then regular Y shaped antibodies take over 5 Y-shaped antibodies bound together in snowflake/star shape these are secreted first because they will bind multiple antigens together- form cluster of antigens- easier to fight them off with phagocyteo 5. IgA class 2 Y-shaped antibodies with disulfide bond found in glandular secretions- mucus- tears- saliva secreted on a regular basis as a defense against pathogens- how to use antibodieso 1. Neutralize antibodies surround antigeno 2. Agglutination forming of bridges between several antibodies/antigens clump/cluster antigen stuck to them with antigen stuck to other sideo 3. Activation of complemento 4. Attract phagocyteso 5. Opsonization make things sticky outer surface adherance coated so phagocytes attach to it easiero 6. Stimulation of inflammation increase blood flow to any one areao 7. Prevention of bacterial or viral
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