9.11.13 Kin 272 lecture notes- Recycling RBC’so Gets eaten by a macrophageo Once eaten, the membrane dissolves and its taken aparto Alpha and beta protein chains denature down into amino acids 20 different amino acids used to make proteins amino acids are sent wherever they are needed – depends on needs of systemo heme unit is stripped of iron This goes back into the bone marrow Needs to get relinked back into another heme unit as you make hemoglobin Low iron means difficulty making red cellso Making red cells Won’t finish maturation unless its filled with hemoglobin Anemic – low iron and other vitaminso Heme unit Goes into biliverdin billirubin  liver turns it into bile Takes large fat droplets and breaks it into smaller things Fatty meat products need to be broken down Link between many systems Liver- Recycles (during anaerobic metabolism) lactic acid- Reuses it to make more glucose/glycogen – glucogenosis- Removes toxins- How to make RBC’so Initial stem cell – hemocytoblast Ability to differentiate into any of the other blood cells Located in bone marrow (insides of long bones – central cavity) Stem cell determined what it will differentiate into – based on DNA of cell-  Lymphoid stem cello easiest pathwayo #1 thing that happens in lymphatic systemo Once committed, the lymphoid stem cells says now I am a lymphoblasto Can become a  lymphocyte (3 different kinds)  B cells  T-Cells  Nk Cells (natural killer cells)o lymphocyte large nucleus often can’t see cell membrane or cytoplasm-  myeloid stem cello Contains all of DNA material to become any one of the 4 wbcso Or a rbc, or a platelet…o  megakaryocyte large seems to have branches decent size nucleus contains some granules grows continuously in nature until it explodes  then it turns into a platelet- typical white blood cell that fragmented into pieces- assist fibrin, lay down patchwork for blood cloto  myeloblast begins with granules of all types commits to form one of the other three granulocytes- neutrophilo WBCo Multilobed nucleuso Contains granules (tiny protein components)o Chemicals that assist in functioning of neutrophil- Basophilo Contains highest number of granules of any of the wbcso So many proteins and chemicals that you can’t usually see S shaped nucleus- eosinophilo more granules than a neutrophilo kidney bean shaped nucleuso smaller population than neutrophilso Monoblast Expands in size but doesn’t explode, eventually stops growing Becomes a monocyte- Largest blood cell you have- Macrophageo Eats big thingso Foreign invaders and large particleso Pro-erythroblast Will eventually become a RBC, happening in bone marrow Need to eject nucleus Erythropoisis- Formation of a RBC- Occurs in bone marrow (stays on inside of bones)- Starts as a hemocytoblast  commits as a myloid stem cell  proerythroblast - Necessary componentso Message from kidney Form of a hormone Erythropoetine (EPO) Link renal with digestive…? Renal filters blood Toxins… Metabolic byproducts… Chemicals… Kidney counts RBC’s Hourly hematocrit checker – high= thirsty, low= anemic,eato Won’t differentiate without EPO- Start of next video- Proerythroblast  basophilic erythroblast,o Makes ribosomeso  polychromatic erythroblast transcription/translation and formation of hemoglobin (need amino acids in the bone marrowo AAo Hemeo Irono Vitamin Do Pieces needed for hemoglobin^^^^o **erythroblast still has a nucleus because they need the nucleus o  orthochromatic, erythroblast no nucleus reticulocyte- ejects nucleus- made plenty of mRNA- takes 8-10 days to get to this spot- the reticulocyte is finishing translation process- folds & forms hemoglobin ribosomes degredate themselves into enzymes- help in terms of oxidation- recycled reticulocyte is ejected out of bone marrow and goes into circulation but not considered mature erythrocyte- in circulation for 24 hours before it is mature- during 24 hours it finishes up final touches of hemoglobin- mature – edges are bursting with hemoglobin definite pieces you need in order to make these cells:- amino acids- heme- iron- vitamin D- vitamin B (can contribute to anemic components)- folic acid (part of synthesis process)- B, folic acid, iron – in dairy and red meat products! Needto eat these or you are more likely to be anemic- Normal hematocrito 45% (red cell)- red cell = more oxygen you can carry- 65% red cellso as an endurance athlete you don’t want this because you’re