Psych Reading for February 18thPages 200-231Learning- Learning- A change in an organisms behavior or thought as a result of experience.- Virtually all behaviors are a complex stew of genetic predisposition and learning. - Habituation- The process by which we respond less strongly over time to repeated stimuli. o Accompanied by a progressive decrease in the release of neurotransmitter serotonin at synapses.o Sensitization – Responding more strongly over time. Classical Conditioning- Condition- Forming associations among stimuli. - Pavlov’s Discoverieso Dogso Classical Conditioning- A form of learning in which one comes to respond to a previously neutral stimulus that had been paired wih another stimulus that elicits an automatic response. o How Pavlov first demonstrated classical conditioning systematically: He started with an initially neutral stimulus, one that didn’t elicit any particular response. Paired the neutral stimulus again and again with an unconditioned stimulus- Unconditioned Stimulus- A stimulus that elicits an automatic response- Unconditioned Response- Automatic reflexive response. Repeatedly paired neutral stimulus with the unconditioned stimulus; observed conditioned response- Conditioned Stimulus- A previously neutral stimulus that comes to elicit a conditioned response as a result ofits association with an unconditioned stimulus. - Principles of Classical Conditioningo Classical conditioning occurs in three phases: Acquisition- We gradually learn the classical response Extinction- The classical response decreases in magnitude eventually disappears when the CS is repeatedly presented alone. Spontaneous Recovery- A seemingly extinct CR reappears if wepresent the CS again. - Renewal Effect- Occurs when we extinguish a response in a setting different from the one in which the animal acquired it.o Stimulus Generalization- The process by which CSs that are similar, but not identical, to the original CS elicit a CR. o Stimulus Discrimination- Occurs when we exhibit a less pronounced CR to CSs that differ from the original CS.- Higher-Order Conditioningo Higher-Order Conditioning- The process by which organizsms develop classically conditioned responses to CSs that later become associated with the original CS. Applications of Classical Conditioning to Daily Life- Without classical conditioning, we couldn’t develop physiological associations to stimuli that signal biologically important events, like things we want to eat,
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