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OSU PSYCH 1100 - Ch 3 Biological Psychology

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Biopsychology!Neuron00 Parts0of0the0neuron:00 0 00000000000000000000000000(aka 0s o ma):0keep s 0the0neuro n0alive,0manufactures0molecules,0contains0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000the0nu c le u s ,0re n e wal0of0cel l0c o mponen ts,0damage 0is0fatal.00 0 Dendrites:00000000000000000000000000information0fro m0other0neu ro n s 00 0 000000000000_0:0sen d s0inform a tio n0to0othe r0n e u r o n s 0u s in g 0a n 0a c tion0potential,0very 0th i n :0e a s ily 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000activate d00 0 Axon0Terminals:00structures0at0end 0o f0th e 0ax on 0w h ic h 0con tain0synaptic00000000000000000000tha t0 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000carry0__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 0which0ar e 0th e 0c h e mical0me s s e n g e rs 0th a t 0ta k e 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000the 0message 0fr o m0one0ne u r o n 0t o 0th e 0next.00 0 Myelin0Sheath:0insulating0fat0layer0which0speeds0electrical0transmission00 0 0 0 00000000:0gaps0in0th e0myelin0shea th 0w h ich 0h e lp0s pe e d 0ele ctr ica l0tra ns m is sio n 0Synapse:0small0fluid‐filled0space0be tw een 0tw o0n e urons0thr o u g h 0which0__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 0000000000000000000000000travel.00 0________0_______0:0space0between0neurons0into0which0neurotransmitters0are0released00000000000000000000000000000000000000000from0the0axon 0te rminal.00 0Synaptic0________ _:0tiny0sa cs0co nt aining0neurotransmitters.00000 Neuronal0Communication:0Action0potentials:0__________0process,0takes0place0_________0neurons.00 0 Neurotransmission:0_________0process,0takes0place0__________0neurons.00With‐in0Neu ro n 0Co mmunica tio n :00 0 Resting(Potential:0the0internal0charge0o f0a0neu ro n0at0res t0relative 0to0the 0ou tside 0(‐70mV)0Threshold(of(Excitation:0the0point0at0which0a0neu ro n ’s0in te rn al0c ha rg e0is 0m a d e0p o sitiv e0enough0(because0of0input0from0the0dendrites)0to0fire0an0action0potential000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000:0all‐ or‐nothing0response0which0fires0at0the0axon0hillock0(after0reaching0the0th resh old 0of0exc itation ),0trave ls0dow n 0the0axon,0and0causes0the0axon0terminals0to0relea se0n eu rotra nsmitters00 Between0Neuron0Communication0Stage010‐0Release0Neurotransmitters:0when0the0action0potential0reaches0the0axo n0terminals,0neu rotra nsmitters0are0released0into 0the 0syna ptic 0cleft0Stage020‐0Neurotra nsmitter s0bind0to000 ___________000_______:0neurotransmitters0bind0to0specific00 0 000 0_0000on0the0postsynaptic0neuron’s0dendrites000000Recep tor0sites0are 0ve ry0specific0and0can0be0thou ght0of0as0a0_____ ____ 0and0___ ____ _. 000000But0the y 0c a n 0b e 0f o o le d 0by0chem i ca l 0lo o k ‐a‐likes0(d ru gs ).0: Brain Communicators100 billion neurons, 160 trillion connections in brain Cell BodyConnectvesiclesneurotransmittersNodes of Receivers Synapse CleftvesiclesElectricalChemicalResting Potentials: When no neurotrans acting on the cell.More negative ions inside, more positive ions outside Action Potential receptor siteslockkeyStage030–0Reuptake0(______ _ _ _ )0:0th e0p resyn ap tic0ne uro n 0abso rb s0leftov er0neurotransmitters0back0into0itself00 Importa n t0N eu ro tr an smitters00 0 0 0 :0brain’s0primary0excitato ry ,0a n d 0le a r n in g 0&0mem o ry 0neurotra n s mitter00 0 GABA:0brain’s0primary00 0 0 neurotransmitter00 Psychoactive0drugs00 0 Drugs0that0interact0with0neurotransmitter0systems,0affecting0mood,0arousal0or0behavior00 0 Agonists:0________0receptor0sit0activity00 0 Antagonists:0____________0or0block0receptor0site0activity00 Neural0Plasticity:0nervous0system’s0ability0to0change0or0adapt0to0its0needs00 0 Over0development,0neurons0primarily0change0in040ways:00 0 0 _________0of0dendrites0and0axons00 0 0 _________________,0the0formation0of0new0synapses00 0 0 _________,0consisting0of0the0death0of0neurons0and0the0retraction0of0axons00 0 0 _____________,0the0insulation0of0ax o ns 0w ith 0a0myelin0shea th .00 0000000000000(LTP):0ability0of0syna pse s0to0make0stronger0connections0between0neurons0Structural(Plasticity:0changing0the0size0a n d0s ha p e 0of0d e n dr itic0b ra n ch e s0to 0m a ke 0more/better0connections000000000000000000000000000:0cells0th at0h a ve 0th e0a b ility0to 0sp e cia lize 0a nd 0b e co me0any0oth er0ty p e0o f0c ell00Central0Nervous0System0(CN S ):0co n sis ts0o f0th e 0__ __ _ __ _ 0a nd0_____ _ _ _ _ _ 00_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .00 Brain:00000030regions:0____________0000______________000&0_____________00000040lobes:0_________00___________00__________0&0____________00000020hemispheres:0________0&0_________0Forebrain0(aka0Cerebrum):0most0highly0evolved;0responsible0for0language,0intellect,0etc.000000 Cerebral0Cortex:0outermo st0p ar t0of 0ce reb ru m/forebra in 0(c o n s ist s0of040lobes ) 00 0 0 0 0 000000000lobe:0rea so n in g,0p lan n in g,0moveme nt ,0emotions,0etc. 00 0 0 0 0 0 00execu tiv e 0function0–0overse e 0other0menta l0ope rations00 0 0 0 Parietal0lobe:0mov em e nt,0orie nta tion ,0recog nition 00 0 0 0 0 Broca’s0Area:0controls0speech0production0Broca’s0Aphasia:0when0the0area0is0damaged,0a0person0has0difficulty0producing0fluent0phrases0(Aphasia0–0loss0of0ability0to0produce0and/or0comprehend0languag e.) 00 0 0 0 0 0000000lobe:0visu al0p ro c es sin g0recyclingGlutamateenhanceDecrease(Ex. Coffee)GrowthSynaptogenesisPruning MyclinationPotentiation Stem CellBrainSpinal CordForebrain Midbrain Hindbrain Frontal Parietal Occipital Temporal Right (Callosum Connects them)LeftFrontal OccipitalReceives visual infoLarger in humans b/c were dependent on visual systemTwo way highwaySensory info comes inDecisions go outProtected by vesicles Contains somatosensory Complex: Responsible for pain0 0 0 0 Temporal0lobe:0auditory,0memory,0speech00 0 0 0 0 Wernicke’s0Area:0interprets0language0Wernicke’s0Aphasia:0damage0to0this0area0results0in0difficulty0understanding0speech0and0causes0the0person0to0speak0fluent0but0incoherent0phrases00 0 0 Basal0Ganglia:0motor0control00 0 0 0 Receives0sensory0information00 0 0 0 Decides0on0plan0of0action00 0 0 0 Sends0plan0to0motor0cortex00 0 0 0 System:0processes0internal0states0and0emotions,0smell,0a n d 0memo ry 00 0 0 0 Thalamus:00 0000000000000000000000 000000passes0through0here0to0the0cortex00 0 0 0 Hypothalamus:0regulates0internal0states0(body0temp,0thirst,0etc.)00 0 0 0 Amygdala:0center0for0excitement0and0arousal,0fear0cond it io n ing00 0 0 0 0 0 :0memo ry 0ce n te r0(es p ec ially 0sp a


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OSU PSYCH 1100 - Ch 3 Biological Psychology

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