HST 10 1st EditionExam # 2 Study Guide Lectures: 10 - 18The second exam will cover material since the last exam up through what we covered in class onThursday, March 26. It will consist of two parts: identification and an essay. Eight identification terms will appear on your exam and you will select and answer four of these. For each you will be expected to write a short paragraph that demonstrates your familiarity with the term (who, what, when, where, and why significant). TWO the essay prompts will appear on the exam (out of the four below), and you are expected to answer ONE of the prompts with an essay that will fit on the front and back of a lined sheet of paper (the paper will be provided to you).To study for this exam, you should carefully review your lecture notes, the readings in your McKay textbook and the Communist Manifesto.Possible ID terms:1. The Forbidden Cityo The “Forbidden City” in Beijingo Imperial Palace during Ming and Qing Dynastieso Construction began under Yongle Emperor in 1406o Designed to reflect philosophical and religious principleso2. Zheng He- Projecting powero Seven voyages of Admiral Zheng He (1405-33)o Goals: display power, collect tribute, control tradeo Means: sophisticated ships and navigation technologyo Largest fleet ever assembled before WWI, witho over 300 ships and 28,000 sailors and soldiersWhy voyages endo Death of Yongle Emperor in 1424o Expense of expeditionso Fear of the sea as a place of disorderThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.o Worries about land frontierso Internal politics3. The Wanli Emperor- Collapse of the Ming dynasty in 1600so The Wanli Emperor, r. 1573-1620o Dominated by staff of 20,000 eunuchso Stays in Forbidden City and gives up trying to governo Ming unable to benefit from foreign tradeo Coastal attacks by “Japanese” pirateso Effects of the “Little Ice Age”o Effects of silver4. Chinese Rites Controversyo late 1600s-1715o Dispute among Roman Catholic missionaries over the religious nature of Confucism (were they religious)o Jesuits argued for, Dominicans and Franciscans argued against toleranceo Ban came around after arguments in 17045. Canton Systemo 1757-1842o A means for China to control trade with the West by having all trade occur in the Port of Canton6. Daimyoo Japanese Pre-Modern Feudal Lords who controlled the country due to their land holding and powero Under Shoguno Would hire Samurai as guards and soldiers 7. Toyotomi Hideyoshio (1582-98)o Leading Japanese Feudal Daimyo and Samurai during his lifeo Considered Japans “Second Greatest Unifier”o Ended “Warring States Period”8. Battle of Sekigaharao Battle in 1600o Victory allowed Tokugawa Leyasu to become Shogun through forceo Long period of peace brought about by Leyasu’s victory9. Tokugawa Ieyasuo Tokugawa Ieyasu, d. 1616o Battle of Sekigahara, 1600o Tokugawa takes title of Shogun (“military ruler”) and makes it hereditaryo Moves capital to Edo (Tokyo)o Controls emperoro Grants out lands to and controls marriages of daimyoo Daimyo must provide hostageso He Bans firearms10. Francis Xaviero (1506-1552)o Basque Roman Catholic Missionaryo Preached throughout Asia (Japan, India, Borneo)o Died before starting his preaching in CHina 11. Closed Country Edicto There is a large rebellion on trade Island of Kyushu led by Christians (1639)o Rebellion is suppressed, Christianity is banned, European interaction is well closed offo Closed country Edict in 1639o Only one Dutch ship allowed yearly, not allowed on mainland12. Aristotle, Ptolemy, and Galen- Past Scientific authorities are Aristotle 4th Cent BCE, Ptolemy, 2nd cent. CE, Galen, 2nd centuryo Aristotle was the chief authority till middle ages on physics, zoology, botany, cosmologyo Ptolemy lived in Egypt and was a leading specialist in Geography and Cosmologyo Galen chief authority of anatomy and physiologyo This both in medieval Islam and Christendom13. On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres- Nicolas Copernicus, 1472-1543o Came to the conclusion that the sun was at the center of the galaxy and published a book called On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres (1543)o He was a priest and had it published posthumouslyo The book filled with rather in-depth mathematical equations to prove his theories14. Galileo Galilei- Uses sophisticated math, experimentation and instruments- Improved telescope and other idems- Proves many of the Aristotelian principles wrong (heliocentrism)-Publishes Starry Messenger (1610), Letter to the Grand Duchess Christina-Forced to recant statements about heliocentrism-Lives last nine years of his life under house arrest15. The Principia-Isaac Newton, 1642-1727o Invents Calculus o Uses these principals to describe universeo One of most important is Law of Universal gravitationo Puts his writings in book called Principia (1687)o By Newton the system of Antiquity has been overturned 16. Francis Bacon, (1561-1526)-Politician but fascinated with new science-Believed that the education system was wrong-Believed in learning through inductive method-Originally education was deductive, should not be-Published The New Atlantis 17. Andreas Vesalius, (1514-64)-Professor of medicine, Flemish, did work in Italy-Careful anatomical research of the human body-This went against Christian teachings-Found that Galen’s anatomy was very wrong-Vesalius makes many corrections and publishes work using detailed engravings-Titled On the Structure of the Human Body (1543)18. William Harvey-Figures out how the circulatory system works and discovers that the heart is a pump, thebody like a machine-On the Circulation of Blood (1628)19. John Locke (1623-1704)- At the beginning of the enlightenment- Lives through key British and European historical eventso (English Civil War, Protectorate, reinstatement of the Monarchy)- Concerning Human Understanding (1690)o Believes that humans are born neither good nor bad, we have the capacity to learn and reason, nothing in it- Two Treatise on Government (1690)o Natural rights: life, liberty, property- These rights will be very much built upon and used by the future United States20. Spirit of the Lawso Written by Montesquieu (1689-1755)o Wish to build a state where law took precedence of the rulerso Additionally wished for separation of power21. Voltaire (1694-1778)-Treatise on Toleration (1763)-Upset with part of French