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UVM HST 10 - Political Revolutions in the Atlantic World
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HST 010 1st Edition Lecture 13 Outline of Last Lecture The last lecture begins to cover the enlightenment period that occurred in Europe. Specific figures key to the movement are also brought up like John Locke and Voltaire.Outline of Current Lecture This lecture deals with the revolutions that occurred both in Europe and North America as a result of the enlightenment and. The specific events covered are the America and French RevolutionCurrent LectureLecture Name (Lecture 10: Political Revolutions in the Atlantic World)There were many revolutions that occurred and they were referred to as nationalist revolutions and they were derived from the Enlightenment movement. Nation States would also begin to become a thing, and these would further Inspire revolutionary thought.-The earliest Revolution would be the one that occurred in the United States- The American Revolution, 1775-83- The British had started creating a global Empire and the colonies that would be the United States- Prior to This Revolution The French and Indian War/ 7 Years War was what cemented Britain’s global power globally and in North America- French alternately would begin to gain huge debt, would loose their position in India, and in North America (Canada and Pre-United States)- Many American Colonists fought on Britain’s side as they were British colonists- These Colonists would begin to resent the British powero They disliked the level of regulation on trade (Mercantilism was the current practice)o Restrictions began to be placed on the slave trade (especially in Southern and middle state colonies)o British colonials were expected to pay taxes as well as pay off the war (angry that they did not have parliamentary representation)These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.o England treated the colonies as a tool to benefit the Home Nation, the Colonies thought of themselves as more autonomouso The British Government was trying to prevent western expansion due to Indian treatieso The Colonists believed themselves to be Englishmen and felt that they should have such rights Parmimentary representation English common law Thomas Paine’s writing (Common Sense) This writing pushed Americans to rebel- Beginning Hostilities in Massachusetts, 1775o Fighting starts in Concord Mass when Bristish troops go there to take arms from potential rebelso Declaration of Independence signed in 1776 and turns into war of Independenceo British beaten at Yorktown in 1781, Treaty of Paris in 1783 is what gives the colonists their independence.o Prior to 1787 US did not know what it waso Confederacy tried but it failedo In 1787 at Constitutional Convention Had Federalists and Anti-Federalists Feds wanted central gov, Antis wanted states to have more power Constitution and Bill of Rights came from the Convention Still these documents are somewhat controversial todayThe French Revolution, 1789-99- France developed in the 16th and 17th century an absolutist government especially underLouie the VIX- France had a long history and an ideology about themselves - Divine right to Rule very present- Had Gallican Church which was continuation of Holy Roman EmpireCauseso Resentment of the Third Estate (Three Estates: clergy, nobility, commoners)o Nobility and clergy did not have to pay taxes, had most of the money (only 6% ofpop) o The commoners was not homogenous, had lower and uppero Had Liberal Bourgeoisie (Professionals, Merchants) (only about 10 %)o “San Coulottes” (craftspeople, laborers, peasants) (most fell in this groups)- Third estate wantso Social Privilegeo Careers open to talent (no bribery and position)o Equality before the lawo Constitutional Monarchyo End of Mercantilism (want free market capitalism) (member of Bourgeoisie wantthis)o Price protection, even distribution of property, one man one vote (man suffrage)- Nobility had become fossilized, useless (further led to resentment)- Additionally there is a debt crisis from 7 years war and assisting the American Revolution- Also poor harvests from weather, low wages, high prices- In 1789 Louie the XVI called the Estates General (May 1789) (He reigned from 1774-92)- His goal is to tax clergy and nobility (they did not want to pay)- Kings hat calling an Estates GeneralThe National Assembly and moderate reform- No formal Estates General operation- New kind of Legislative assembly is created called national assembly- 3rd Estate is given more power in this new system- National assembly comes together on June 3rd, 1789 Called Tennis Court Oath- Things start to happen contrary to rich and upper class- Commoners are angry with the National Assembly, think they will not be represented- Commoners storm the Bastille on July 14, 1789 (want weapons and political prisoners freed- “Great Fear” started which was mostly rumor started which was that the king was putting an army together to squash the National Assembly (July-August)o People start gathering to potentially defend against this unfounded


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