HST 010 1st Edition Lecture 12Outline of Last Lecture N/AOutline of Current Lecture This lecture begins to cover the enlightenment period that occurred in Europe. Specific figures key to the movement are also brought up like John Locke and Voltaire.Current LectureThe EnlightenmentJohn Locke (1623-1704)o At the beginning of the enlightenmento Lives through key British and European historical events (English Civil War, Protectorate, reinstatement of the Monarchy)o Lived through political turmoil, religious intolerance- Concerning Human Understanding (1690)o Believes that humans are born neither good nor bad, we have the capacity to learn and reason, nothing in ito We are a Tabula rasa (blank slate)o Our senses deliver information (empiricism)o Experience and experiment provides humanity with knowledge and belief- Two Treatise on Government (1690)o Natural rights: life, liberty, property- These rights will be very much built upon and used by the future United StatesFrench Philosophes (Lovers of Wisdom)- Montesquieu (1689-1755)o Published Spirit of the Law (1748)o Wish to build a state where law took precedence of the rulerso Additionally wished for separation of power o Best form of government was Constitutional Monarchyo Executive ruler was under rule of law emplaced by legislature-Voltaire (1694-1778)o Treatise on Toleration (1763)These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.o Upset with part of French society known as Gallicanismo French Church had become part of government or branch of it(was what let Louis XIV revoke Edict of Naun and kick out Protestants)o Wanted to get rid of ito Wanted to get rid of sanctioned dislike of Protestantso Believed religious thought was personalo He was deist, creator not involved in lifeo An increase in secularism-Secularism became for important because of Enlightenment-West and Europe would begin to gain from this simply religious-World could be explained without creator-Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-78)o Believed that their should only be legislature, not separation of powerso Everyone should buy into this, general will is what is pushedo We don’t all agree to general will, if not tough that is how it will beo Does not allow for disagreemento Believes in collective over individual, not natural rightso Wrote The Social Contract (1762)Enlightenment and economics -The Physiocratso Laissaz-faire ( let it do)o Against Mercantilismo Get government out of the economyo Another root of Capital economics-Adam Smitho Wealth of Nations (1776)o Capitalism and Free Tradeo Came to his beliefs as ethics teachero Humans should be free, so should the economyo Economy would become self regulatingo Human beings would not screw one another over because or relationshipsoDissemination of Enlightenment ideas- Reading clubs become popular (because of cheap printing)- Public Libraries become a realities- Salons (opportunities for polite conversation between wealthy individuals and philosophers)- Coffee Houses- Secret Societies (Freemasons)-- Denis Diderot’s (1713-84)o Wrote Encyclopedieo An Enlightenment collection of knowledge as it was written by such philosophers.- Capitalism would come from the Enlightment (at least its