Timur (Tamerlane)-Turko-Mongol conquer who took control of the Chagatai Khanate. His reign was from 1370-1405. He would later take contorol of the remaining Ilkhanate and Golden Horde Remnants. He is considered as the last Conquerer associated with the Nomadic traditionHST 10 1st EditionExam # 1 Study Guide Lectures: 1 - 9Below is the exact study guide supplied. I have defined every term and definition that was supplied with notes both from class and extra research to better supplement what was taught. Additionally each essay prompt has notes from class that will help answer the questions provided. HST 010: Global History since 1500First Exam Study Guide, for exam on Thursday, Feb. 19.The first exam will consist of two parts: identification and an essay. Eight identification terms will appear on your exam and you will select and answer four of these. For each you will be expected to write a short paragraph that demonstrates your familiarity with the term (who, what, when, where, and why significant). One of the essay prompts will appear on the exam, and you are expected to answer the prompt with an essay that will fit on the front and back of a lined sheet of paper (the paper will be provided to you).To study for this exam, you should carefully review your lecture notes, the readings in your McKay textbook and the assigned material in Wiesner-Hanks.Possible ID terms: (who, what, when, where, and why significant). Kubilai-- He was the fifth Great Khan of the Mongol Empire, founded the Yuan Dynasty in China and madehis capital in Beijing. He was the Grandson of Genghis Khan. Ruled from 1260-1294 The “Silk Road”-- Series of trade routes that provided a passage for both goods and culture to travel between East Asia and Europe/ Mediterranean Sea: consisted of both land and water based travel. Got its name from Chinese Silk Began during the time of the Han Dynasty, and faded in the 1450s following the fracturing of the Mongol EmpireBlack Death-- One of the largest human pandemics in history that caused the death of between 75 and 200 million people. Peaked in Europe between 1346-53. Believed to have come from the plains of Central Asia(Mongolia) and was brought to Europe along the Silk Road. The first European case isbelieved to have come about in Crimea and probably killed 30-50 % of population in world - (flees carried bacteria and were on rats)Zhu Yuanzhang-- Founder of first Ming Empire, defeated Mongolian Yuan Dynasty in 14th century with the rebel group the Red Turbans. Would eventually beat other warlords and splinter groups and was named Emperor in 1368. Officially ousted Yuan in 1381.The Hundred Years War-- A war fought between France and England, with the inclusion of Scotland on Frances side. It occurred between 1337 and 1453. It was an attempt by each side to take over the opposing kingdom. Other nations were involved in other capacities and smaller wars and battles were the direct result of the war.Timur (Tamerlane)-- Turko-Mongol conquer who took control of the Chagatai Khanate. His reign was from 1370-1405. He would later take contorol of the remaining Ilkhanate and Golden Horde Remnants. He is considered as the last Conquerer associated with the Nomadic traditionJohannes Gutenberg-- German Inventor of the Printing press, a revolutionary device that was influential in shaping the modern period. Allowed for mass spread of information and would allow for easier education of the non-elites who controlled much of the information and education of the time. alive between1398 -1468. Carracks and caravels-- Use of Multiple masts, rigged with variable sale shape (no longer just square) also lateensale that allows for sailing up wind.- Innovation that allows for creation of the Carrack that was a round bottomed vessel used in north and Mediterranean that allowed for large good movements, It was better for sailing against winds and opposing currents - Caravel was other kind of Innovation made by Portuguese that was better for Atlantic travel (Portuguese would later combine for best of both ship)Mehmed II- Fall of Constantinople In (1453)- Use of European– made artillery- Depopulate/ repopulate cities- Renamed as Istanbul- Hagia Sophia becomes a mosque- Consolidation of power in Balkans (1450s to 1470s)- Control of eastern Mediterranean/Black SeaCanary Islands-- First discovered by Greek and later Roman explorers. Neolithic level indigenous peoples on it. - The Portuguese and Genoese with men such as Malocello who found the Canaries in 1336, and then Voyages to Madeira and the Azores, 1340- Aragonese again find Canaries in 1340’s (Canaries are contested between Ports and Spain)- The Canaries are taken by Spanish under French Soldiers Bethancourt and de la Salle patroned by the Spanish- The native Guanche are killed and finally enslaved - Canaries taken over, but it takes many yearsPrince Henrique of Portugal- Portugal taken in coup by John I of Avis who wants to legitimize his rule via a crusade that will be funded by trade (excuse for trade to begin)- Goals are created, take Canaries, control gold trade, colonize Madeira and Azores, grant land to followers.- These worked on by Prince Henry the Navigator (Prince Henrique of Portugal) (1460) and started with the capture of Ceuta in 1415 from the Muslims.- The results of Prince Henry’s exploits following Ceuta, the Portuguese take control of gold trade,growing of sugar cane causing enrichment, (also begin to grow sugar on Islands off coast of Africa) this sugar allows for sugar enhanced wines that enrich their access to wine trade, this connection also pushes for increases in slave trade and creates the foundation for its growth.Pedro Alvares de Cabral- - 1467-1520 A Portuguese nobleman who is considered the discoverer of Brazil (1500). He also would travel to India and not only bring back a large load of spices for the country, but also help create the Portuguese Empire that was beginning to appear.Prester John- - Mythical Leader of Christian kingdom that supposedly existed. Was actually Ethiopia and there was no Prester John Christopher Columbus- Christopher Columbus (1451-1506)- Started specialty store of books and maps- Christopher Columbus read the works of many like Marco polo and John Mandeville- He starts to have beliefs about the world that are not true like there is a small globe and that Asia is big. He also thinks there are many Christians there and that the Khan is still present- He takes his ideas to many