HST 010 1st Edition Lecture 21Outline of Last Lecture This lecture finishes the discussion on the subject of African colonization by Britain. The Indian colonization, as well as Chinese colonization by Britain and Europe are also discussed. Finally Japans move towards industrialization is covered.Outline of Current Lecture This lecture covers the entire history of WWI and its most important aspect. Additionally what WWI would cause to happen is brought up along with the events during the fall of Tsarist Russia.Current LectureWWI (The Great War) 1914-1918Systemic Causes of the War- Nationalism - ones nation state superior to others- Rise of Germany and its competition with Great Britain- Decline of Ottoman Empireo Competition of Austria-Hungary and Russiao Balkans Nationalism (Serbia esp)- Distrust and fear causes grand allianceso Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy- Triple Ententeo Great Britain, France, Russia- Extreme Nationalism in Germany, people unified, for war- Britain felt global power threatened by rise of Germany- Ottomans lost BalkansImmediate cause of war- Assassination of heir to Austria-Hungary, Archduke Franz Ferdinand by Serbian nationalist, Gavrib Princip, June 1914o Serbs resented being under Ottoman control (conquered in 1300’s)o They thought they would be their own nation stateo Austria Hungary took over BalkansThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- The participantso Central Powers are Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire, Bulgariao Allies are GB, France, Russia, Italy (competing with Austro-Hungary territory)- War Beginso A-H declares war on Serbia while Russia declares war on Germany and A-Ho Germany invades France through Belgium (Schlieffer Plan) in August 1914 Through Belgium to Paris, then to Russia Belgian resistance and English expeditionary force give France time to defendo 1st Battle of the Marne Sept 1914o Trench Warfare on Western Front (France vs Germany)o Mobile warfare more on Eastern (Germany + A-H vs Russiao Also war on southern fronts and high seas (sub warfare by Germans)  British create strong Navy and have superiority Blockaded Germany (broken using German submarines) These same subs would block resources from reaching Englando America enters in April 1917 Hostility to German Americans created Helped with prohibition (many beers German or of German origin) German U-boats contributes to US entering war (Lusitania sunk in 1917 causing the death of 128 American passengers along with hundreds of other passengers and the crew breaking Cruiser rulers agreed upon by the warring nations) If US had not entered most likely that the central powers would have wono Russia Withdraws from war Tsarist regime that is autocratic, authoritarian, alienating Russian intellectuals, terrible peasant treatment, army was unprofessional  March 1917 Tsar Nicholas II removed from power, provisional governmentinstead that tried to be moderate (not divestment of Russian nobles or removal of Russia from the war Bolshevik Revolution of October 1917 –Nov Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, Dec 1917-Mar 1918o Collapse of Germany, fall 1918, Armistice Nov 11 1918Character of the War- Destructiveness: 8-9 million dead in Europe (20 mil wounded) destroying a generation (1.1 killed at the battle of the Somme, July Nov 1916)- High levels of Technology with water cooled machine guns for more rapid fire, barbed wire, massive artillery and high explosive shells, poison gas and gas masks, flamethrower, fragmentation grenade, tanks, airplanes, and submarines.- Global nature of the waro Role of colonies and the rise of nationalism- Atrocities committed against civilianso Armenian Genocide by Ottomanso 1915-16o caused by the fear that the Armenians would join the Russians - Societal Mobilizationo In France 80% of males 15-49 serve in the militaryo Women in support industries and serviceso Propaganda use o Labor Unions riseWar Repercussions- Russian Revolution of Feb-Oct of 1917o Tsar Nicholas II deposed and executedo Vladimir Lenin (1870-1924) and the Bolshevikso Russia becomes the Union of the Soviet Socialist Republic 1923- Negotiation of Treatieso Versailles peace talks, January 1919 (Treaty of Versailles) Germany forced to pay huge reparations and loses its colonies Replaced Weimar Republic 1918o Woodrow Wilsons 14 points National Self Determination Does not Join League of Nations Does not ratify Paris treaty Rise of US global power and isolationism Rise of Zionism and Arab Nationalismo League of Nationso A-H Broken up into separate Nation stateso Ottoman Empire collapses in 1918 Sultan deposed in 1922 Turkish Republic in