HST 010 1st Edition Lecture 4- Outline of Last Lecture - Early European exploration- Colonization- Portuguese spread and discovery- Castilian ExpansionOutline of Current Lecture - New world- Spanish Conquest of the Aztecs- Silver in the New World- Ottoman Empire Current LectureThe “New World”- Vasco Nunez de Balboa and the Pacific (1513)- Ferdinand Magellan’s circumnavigation of the globe (1519-1522)o Convinces Spain East Asian trade unfeasibleSpanish conquest of the Aztecs (Mexico) +Incas- Conquistadores- Hernando Cortes in Mexico (1519 – 1522)o Enlists Aid in Tiaxacalao Captures/kills Emperor Montezuma (1520)o Conquers capital city, Tenochtitlan (1521)o Francisco Pizarro in Peru (1532 – 1533)o Captures/kills Emperor Atahualpao Conquer city, Cuzcoo Spanish monarchy establishes vice royalties of new Spain and Peru (1535 and 1542 RespectivelyThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Silver in the New World- Discovery of silvero Potosi, Boliviao Zacatecas, Mexicoo 10,000,000 ounces of silver/year extracted by 1590so Indians used as slaveso System referred to as The encomienda +mita system- Role of technology in miningo Use of water driven ore-crusherso Mercury amalgamation process (Developed in late 1400s Europe)o Introduced to new world in 1550s- Price revolution of late 16th/early 17th centuriesSugar/slavery in the new world- Slavery in the late medieval Mediterranean- Slavery and sugar plantationso Madeira producing Sugar by 1450so Antonio de Nalle and the Kate Verde Islands (1460s)o Sugarcane began to grow the New Worldo This lead to the development of the slave tradeColumbian Exchange- New World commoditieso Gold/silvero Potato/maize/tomato/peppers/peanut/cocoa/squash/tobacco- Old world contributionso Sugarcane/wheat/grapes/olives/honeybee/livestocko The exchange of disease was mostly from the old world to the New Worldo This led to an estimated 90% reduction of an Indigenous populations of AmericaOttoman Empire- Mehmed II “The conqueror” (1451 to 1481)- Fall of Constantinople In (1453)o Use of European– made artilleryo Depopulate/ repopulate citieso Renamed as Istanbul ando Hagia Sophia becomes a mosqueo Consolidation of power in Balkans (1450s to 1470s)o Control of eastern Mediterranean/Black SeaProblems for Ottoman sultan/their solutions- Problems of governanceo Adoption of Byzantine administrative techniqueso Undercut tribal leadership- Legitimizing the sultan’s ruleo Control religious education (Ulama +Madrasas)o Control appointment of judgeso Claim to be Caliph- Selim I (1512 – 1520) + Taking a holy places- Architectural display/legal reformo Suleman “The lawgiver” (1520 – 1566)o Suleymaniye Mosque/Topkapi Palaceo Ottoman legal code- Problem of religious/linguistic adversityo Protect Sunni Orthodoxo Be relatively tolerant of Christians/Jewso Train bureaucrats in
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