HST 010 1st Edition Lecture 14Outline of Last Lecture Last lecture deals with the revolutions that occurred both in Europe and North America as a result of the enlightenment and. The specific events covered are the America and French RevolutionOutline of Current LectureThis lecture finishes off the French revolution notes and explains how the French Republic was created. Additionally Napoleons rise to power is explained in its entirety, and finally the French colony and then Republic of Haiti is described.Current LectureAtlantic Political Revolutions continued:French Revolution continued from last week: 1789National Convention and Radical Reform- National assembly begins to do things their way o seizes the lands from the Catholic Churcho New source of revenues to pay off debtso Make the clergy elected civil servantso Upsets convention in Franceo Many French taken to serve but they did not want to- Louis attempts to flee country but is capturedo Radicals felt that he was fleeing to go get allies and defeat the National assembly- Girondins vs. Jacobinso Jacobins wanted revolution, and they wanted a republico This republic should be founded on liberty, equality, and brotherhoodo Girondins are more moderates, will eventually be beaten and some victims of theGuillotine- National Convention formed (Sept. 1792) (elected officials are more radical and better represent the people- National Convention abolishes the Monarchy and declares the state a Monarchyo Louis later declared enemy of the state and is executed and so is the Queen Marie AntoinetteThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- Vast Conscription and huge army created that will be able to field almost 1,000,000 soldiers (Sept. 1794)o Well trained, armed, capableo Largest army ever fielded- War declared on counter-revolutionaries- Reign of Terror begins because of the push to destroy enemies of the Stateo Maximillian Robespierre and Committee of Public Safetyo Went after both internal and external enemies to prevent o Tool used is the Guillotine, considered by creator to a humane way to kill peopleo Thousands of people will meet their death at the hands of the Guillotineo Many still would meet death at hands of other weapons- National Convention creates a new Calendaro Based on reasono Dating system has year one as 1793o New religion was called Religion of Reason - National convention government believes women who want equality to also to extend to womeno A leader of the movement named Olympe de Gouges was one such victim (executed by Guillotine)- Thermidorean Reaction, 1794, o One of first victims is Robespierre- This new conscripted army is one of the success of the revolution and is a new phase in military history- National Convention government begins to die outThe Directory and the Empire- Directory Government(1795-9)- Wars that were defending the land from reactionaries became wars that were of aggression- These wars created many talented officers (Notable is Napoleon Bonaparte)o Napoleon originally works with Directory and then disbands them and takes overo Becomes Emperor in 1804-14 (his law code based on Roman Law and Justinian)o Includes ideas of the revolution and conservative ideaso All people equal under the law (does take rights from women like property)o Wars until 1815o Fighting against most of Europe (England, Prussia, Spain, Russia)- Napoleon is sent to Island of Elba as France is done with him, but he escapes- Reforms army, fights at Waterloo against all and he is beaten- He is sent to St. Helena to die in 1821- Other European countries get together Congress of Vienna in an attempt to set agenda for rest of 19th century Europe and continue 18th century status quo with strong monarchies and churchesHaitiThe Haitian Revolution, (1791-1804)- French Colony of Saint – Domingue- Minority of White Europeans who ran sugar plantations- Majority is African slave as well as approx. 40,000 freed blacks and mestizo- Constant need for slave labor from Africa- Wasteful of Human life, deadly, death rates were high, enslaved women had low fertility- Planters needed constant fresh supply of Slaves from Western central Africa- Many of the slaves had former military experience as warriors from Africa- Could communicate with each other and organize- Inspiration of the Enlightenment and National Assembly disappoints free people of colorand white planterso Don’t give black frees rights, screw with planters- 1791 (about same time of Louis attempted escape) Vincent Oge’s uprising o he is beaten and executedo National assembly then does give limited rights to free blackso This upsets white planters- 500,000 slaves begin to grow angry at lack of rightso they begin to create armed groupso destroy plantations o kill white planterso French enemies began to support these uprising- National assembly gives full rights to free colored- Nat. Convention abolishes slavery (Oct. 1793)- Toussaint L’Ouverture (1743-1803)o First fights for Spain then fights for France