HST 010 1st Edition Lecture 6Outline of Last Lecture Islamic Empires- Developments in Ottoman empire- Creation and growth of Shiite Safavid EmpireOutline of Current Lecture o Islam’s change(rise and fall of Safavid Empire)o Rise and fall of Mughal Emperor in the Northern part of India, (Religious diversity)Religious reformation and change in the Catholic Church (Europe) (reason for these changes)Current LectureSafavid Empire cont.-Decline of Il-Khanate and rise of the Turkic tribal groups and Sufis-Shah Ismail, r 1501-24 and creation of the Shiite theocracyo Enforces Shiism as official state religiono Claims to be incarnation of twelfth imamo Gives lands to tribal followers in return for military-Safavid Empire reaches height of power under Shah Abbas, r 1587-1629o Use of slave soldiers and civil servantso Capital City of Isfahan-The fall of the Safavid Empireo Had weak rulers and was expensive to ruleo Trade patterns shifted, the silk road began to dry up, Ocean trade became difficulto Massive attack from Afghanistan-Mughal Empireo Timur in 1398-99 destroys Delhi Sultanateo Political fragmentation into small groups calledrajputs-( they were easy for the taking) o Also growth of religions thought creating diversityo Sikhism, founder Nanak, in 1469-1539 (large minority)o Further growth of Bhakti HinduismThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.o Babur, r 1483-1530, comes to create Mughal EmpireBabur was a Turkish Mongolian Muslim from AfghanistanBegins Mughal Empire that is Muslim, but rules over diverse areaBut Rules over polytheistic Hindu’s Mughal emperors are tolerant of several religions like Sikhs, Jains, Parsis and even Christians.Mughals began to favor Hindus within their governmentEmpire is more like confederation of RajputsEmpire would grow Southo Mughal expansion also occurs in 16th and 17th centuryReal growth under Akbar, r 1556-1605Very successful in asserting power in Northern and central India.Very tolerant with a multitude of religious advisors of many faithsMakes his own faith called “Divine Faith”o Next leader murdered and station taken by Aurangzeb, r 1658-1707Incredibly intolerant, was Muslim, all others wrongHe pushes south for conquestIncreased taxes to pay for armies, and these armies very effectiveFights Hindu resistance know as MarathasWith Aurangzeb’s death, Marathas begin to retake land.o Mughal Empire Begins to decline in 18th century.Can’t get into the trade that begins to occur, local elite take controlLocal autonomy begins to growMughal Empire is dead by mid seventeen hundreds. -Religious Reformation and Religious Wars in Europeo Reformation was in was response to a perceived crisis in the Church during the late 14th century through 16th century. The reformation destroyed the religious unity in Europe and would allow for the creation Protestantism and it’s offshoots.Medieval Catholicism held that their was really only one true Church that was a continuation of the Apostolic Church from the BibleChurch was mystical and visible body of ChristWithin Church their were clergy and LaityClergy were intermediaries between God and the Lay peopleHierarchically organized with Pope (Bishop of Rome and stood in for Christ on Earth) their were then Church leaders called Bishops that lead areas and several Churches within a Diocese.Priests would deal with Daily pastoring of the LaityClergy also responsible for 7 Sacraments (Baptism, Communion, confession, confirmation, ordination, marriage, and last rights)Predominant were Communion/Eucharist-Bread and Wine became body and blood of Christ-Laity separated from Alter-Wine not given, only bread-Represent that the miracle is so amazing that the Lay cannot have accessConfession/ penance-Go to priest or Bishop to tell sins and ask for forgiveness-Penance from Priest(good work to make up), prayers, and donations to lessen your time-Indulgences-pay money so that good works could be done on ones behalf -System was manipulated by individuals selling indulgences.o Reformation did not come from nowhereStarted with Great Schism, 1378-1415There were 3 popesThe thought came about called CouncilarismMake the church form opinions in democratic councilsCouncil made, and all three Popes are deposedNew Pope is ChosenProblem occurs in that Popes begin to become almost evil and become like Italian Princes, and are just corrupt Popes also work out deals with kings referred to as