HST 010 1st Edition Lecture 18Outline of Last Lecture The last lecture was about The Communist Manifesto and the class discussion that happened with regards to the reading and the paper assigned.Outline of Current Lecture This lecture is about nation building and the nationalist feeling that were created from this. The specific countries mentioned are France, Germany, and Italy, as these with divided countries that would unify, respectively.Current LectureNation Building and NationalismThe ideology of nationalism came into being during the late 18th and 19th century (begins in Europe) It was an ideology in keeping with the development of centralizing states and one that could be opposed to these statesNationalism- Nation as a people with common history, tradition, institution, culture, ethnicity, language- Nation shares a common soul (role of Romanticism)o Romanticism was a way to figuratively battle industrializationBackground to Nationalism- French Revolution and Napoleonic wars- Revolutions of 1848o Inspired by the ideas of nationalismFrance after 1814These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- Restored monarchy of Louis XVIII (happy to rule as constitutional monarch and willing to rule along liberal constitution) and Charles X(more of an autocratic ruler and deposed because of his extreme grab for power), 1814-30o Bourbonists and other groups trying to vie for powero Bourbon monarchy is restoredo Charles X is kicked out in Paris uprisings of 1830- Catholic Church became close to reactionaries and conservatives o Had been outlawed during parts of revolutiono Supported monarchism- Conquest of Algeria, 1830-47 (beginning of European conquest of Africa)- King Louie Philippe, r (1830-48)o He was also part of Bourbon familyo He also supported conservatism and was more power hungryo There was Revolution of 1848 This leads to “The Second Republic”o New leaders were not radical enough for many rebels and the “June Days” rebellion starts which makes it necessary for the French army to come in and quell the uprisingFrance elects Louise Napoleons nephew as new leader- He abolishes the Republic and becomes the emperor of France (Second Empire) - He holds power between 1851 and 1870, looses it during uprising and Franco-Prussian warNationalism and Unification---Italy becomes national Kingdom, 1859-70--- Italy had ben a collection of cities states since the fall of the Roman Empire in the West- Giuseppe Mazzini in 1843 tried to unify, he was crushed by the Austruans- ------ ------- ------German Unification- German had long history of political fragmentation ( very fragmented)- Kingdom of Prussia and Otto Von Bismarck (1815-98)- Zollverein, 1834-40o Getting rid of trade tariffs and taxes to increase internal trade- Conservative/ liberal alliance in Reichstag- Germanization and Kulturkampf (culture war)o Making this official, specific food and art, music and such thingso Kulturkampf was germanization that failedo Make Protestantism true Germano People became upset, this belief set in place pulled back- Holy Roman Empire ceased to exist during time of Napoleon (old leaders still around)o Austro-Hungary was left over of this, many regional idiosyncrasies, mostly spoke German (still other kinds of people including former members of the Ottoman Empireo Different religionso Ruled by an Emperor (Franz-josef (1848-1916)o Filled for potential for break up because different groups desire nationalism and powder keg leads to WWINationalism responsible for Italian unification and German unification that would make the Countries into modern unified nationsNationalism and Industrialism - The “Second Industrial Revolution”o Invention of Limited-liability joint-stock companieso Institutionalization of inventivenesso New Power sources electricity and petroleumo New Products like chemicals, high quality steel, rubbero State sponsored social Welfare- Germany out paces Great Britain as Industrial Power- First revolution was liberal entrepreneurial growth of private business- 2nd Industrial Revolution of Government inclusion in industrial policies and practicesNationalism and powerCharles Darwin- Natural Selection- Social Darwinism built off of Darwin’s physical evolution- Herbert Spencer came up with “Survival of the Fittest”- Naturalness of social class hierarchy and ethnic /racial superiority- Greatly effects how people see racial and ethnic differences (built within