HST 010 1st Edition Lecture 9Outline of Last Lecture Political change in different parts of Europe that would lead to the eventual large-scale colonization that would occur in the world. Outline of Current Lecture Global networking done by the changing superpowers. Coming to power of French and English, as well as expansion and Trade Empire built by Dutch. Beginning discussion on Atlantic slave trade.Current LectureCommerce, Colonialism and the Slave Trade16th to 18th century saw a large increase in global commerce and connectedness. Several European states took the lead in this processPortuguese and Spanish Global Network.- Most developed trade networks as they were the first to really start exploration and trading,o Portuguese Global network contains sugar and gold in Brazil, slaves and gold in Africao India and East Asia: spices, textiles, porcelaino Also Portuguese have port access in Indian Ocean and to spices as well as textilesand Chinese porcelaino Trading becomes bigger in China with beginning of first post in Macao in 1557- Spanish Global Networko New world colonies: silver, sugar, coffeeo In the 1570’s take over 1560-1570so This allows access to China from West Coast of the Americas (Philippines is the trade point)o China took to this because they needed access to silver to meet the need for precious metals, but it starts to inflate the price- Latecomers are the British and Frencho First successful British colony is in Jamestown in 1607 o Caribbean more productive though, sugar cane, tobacco, indigo and riceThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.o Begin to get into slave trade because of need to cultivate sugaro Also begin to establish trade in India with East India Company, from 1590so EIC was to attempt to take as much control as possible in India o British presence in India begins to cause more problems between other European countries currently trading.- French o In North America they come over and go down the Mississippio Men such as Jaques Cartier, 1491-1557o Samuel De Champlain, 1567-1635o Beaver Pelts and Indianso French were very good at making working relationships with the native Americans o French North America was more fur trade, not colonizationo Also have a presence in the Caribbean, from 1630’s on o Also have presence in Haiti which gets them access to sugar, which causes the French to enter the slave tradeo In India, 1700s - The Dutcho The Dutch of the 1600s become a huge commerce machineo Push to grow due to constricted space in Europeo Presence in North America, Caribbean, and South America, from 1620 to 1670so Become very active in Sugar and slaveryo In 1600s Dutch become very powerful as Dutch East India Company Dutch oust Portuguese and control much of the spice trade by 1660s; alsoact as universal carriers and middle men shipperso To control access from Atlantic to Indian Ocean, the Dutch establish Colony in Cape of Good Hope (1662) on the Southern tip of Africao Dutch were ruthless- Mercantilism-related to capitalism, not free trade, is regulated controlled trade, but still amassing capitalo Needs of Europe’s centralizing states Finances for growing state powero Competition with neighbors- you gain your neighbor looses, and there is a finite amount of wealtho Kingdoms are growing and need money o Mercantilism requires favorable balance of tradeo Economic warfare then begins which can lead to actual warfareo Within mercantilism there is also the idea that bullion is the only source of capitalo Reason for Kingdoms fighting so hard for silver and goldo Also protected trade, Like navigation acts of Britain where only British could sendships to the colonies and heavy tariffs placed on items coming from other countrieso Monopolies- Mercantilism in the colonies, nation must have colonieso Source of raw materialso Market for nation goods, especially finishedo Wealth generated by the colonieso There are costs though like defense of colonies and trades and administration of colonieso Also trade wars and predationAtlantic Slave Trade- Labor deficit in the colonies- Europeans not suited for tropics, natives dead from diseases- High demand for cheap labor that can be controlled- Enslaved people had high death rate and low fertility rate (prior to shipping 15-25%)- Middle passage suffered 25% or so- Died quickly while in colonies- More males than females, but female conditions horrible, and therefore low fertility rates- This movement referred to as the African Diaspora and it is estimated that 12 million made passage- Slave thought of as commodity or chattel- Those who benefit are the African princes who captured the slaves (they then buy guns, textile, metal)- Slave traders- Colonies and home countries due to cheap production capacity offered by the