HIST 2610 1st EditionFinal Exam Study Guide Lectures: 27 - 37Tariff of Abominations - a measure created by northern Democrats to win additional northern support for Jackson in the upcoming presidential campaign. Tariff of 1832 - A protection tariff. Lowered Tariff to 35% from 45% on southerners. It was supposed to remedy the conflict of the Tariff of Abominations. It was created to protect northern industry. It was considered to favor the north and made the southerners very mad. The tariffs had been made to 45% on northern goods. Compromise Tariff of 1832 - Henry Clay. Reduction of important duties over 10 years. No higher than 20%. South Carolina repeats Northwest Ordinance.Ordinance of Nullification - The protest that led to the Ordinance of Nullification was caused by the belief that the tariffs of 1828 and 1832 favored the North over the South. This led to an emphasis on the differences between the two regions. South Carolina declaration that the Tariff of 1828 and the Tariff of 1832 were null and void there.Nullification Proclamation - reaction to the ordinance of nullification. A proclamation made by Andrew Jackson. Sectional crisis in the early 1830s in which a states' rights party http://avalon.law.yale.edu/19th_century/jack01.aspSpecie Circular (1836) - It required payment for government land to be in gold and silver. Proclamation issued by President Andrew Jackson in 1826 stipulating that only gold or silver could be used as payment for public land.Independent Treasury Act (1840) - *this was another attempt of Van Buren to get rid of the panic. Start looking into all kinds of things to get the economy back in place. this was another attempt of Van Buren to get rid of the panic. Start looking into all kinds of things to get the economy back in place. sub treasuriesfederal depositsgovernment financial independencerepealed in 1841repassed in 1846-System last until early 1900s when it was merged with the Federal Reserve System2nd bank of the US. Where to put the tax revenues of the US gov. Started setting up a banking system not supported by the rest of the US gov. Independent Treasury System - Fiscal arrangement first instated by President Martin Van Buren in which the federal government kept its money in regional vaults and transacted its business entirely in hard money.Manifest Destiny - The phrase was first used in a Magazine Editorial by John O' Sullivan. Doctrine first expressed in 1845 that the expansion of White Americans across the continent was inevitable and ordained by God. This idea goes back to the belief system of the Puritans that God had appointed them to establish a New Israel cleansed of the corruption of the Old World. What this turned into, however was the issue of race which turned into a society reignedby "Anglo-Saxon" privilege. It was argued that only these white Americans had the energy, industriousness, and innate love of liberty to establish a successful free government.Manifest Destiny was closely associated with the democratic party who believed in expansion. Many people saw the idea of Manifest Destiny as a way to escape the depression. Advocates of Manifest Destiny had envisioned neighboring peoples in North America volunteering to becomea part of the Republic. Critics of the war said that America needed to be a model for other countries. The Oregon Trail - Overland Trail of over 2000 miles that carried American settlers from the Midwest to new settlements in Oregon, California, and Utah. Migration of Americans westward after the war of 1812. Growth in population. Moved to other land. Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (1848)- Peace treaty between the US and Mexico that ended the Mexican-American War. When Mexico had lost its army and its capital had fallen, Mexico wanted to negotiate to end the war. -Require the US to pay $15 million to Mexico. -And pay off claims of American citizens against Mexico which was 3.25 million. -It gave the United States the Rio Grande boundary for Texas.-gave the U.S. ownership of California, and a large area comprising New Mexico, Arizona, Nevada, Utah, and parts of Wyoming and Colorado. -90% of Mexicans remained in the US.Mexican Session - The addition of half a million square miles to the United States as a result of victory in the 1846 War between the United States and Mexico. Gadsden Purchase (1853) - United States purchase of a region of Southern Arizona and Southwestern New Mexico from Mexico. Signed by James Gadsden. The purchase was made because it completes the southern foundry of the US. It was also purchased in order to create a transcontinental railroad.South Carolina Exposition and Protest (1828) - Anonymously written theory by John C. Calhoun. This document took the states-rights stated in the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions tothe extreme. It stated that states should have the right to declare that an act of the national government was not okay. Missouri Compromise (1820) - A political compromise over slavery. Sectional Compromise in Congress that admitted Missouri to the Union as a slave state and Maine as a free state and prohibited slavery in the northern Louisiana Purchase territory. Compromise of 1850 - The four- step compromise that admitted California as a free state, allowed the residents of New Mexico and Utah territories to decide the slavery issue for themselves, ended the slave trade in the District of Columbia, and passed a new fugitive slave law to enforce the constitutional provision stating that a slave escaping into a free states shall be delivered back to the owner. A critical development in the path to the civil war. The Compromise was the US Congress's signature piece of legislation for the coming evade. It dealt with the arising from the expansion of slavery into territories and new states such a Texas and California. It also dealt with the Fugitive Slave Act. People involved in this compromise were Henry Clay, Daniel Webster, and John C. Calhoun. We also see the rise of Stephen A Douglas. Fugitive Slave Law (1850) - Part of the Compromise of 1850. Required authorities in the North to assist southern slave catchers and return runaway slaves to their owners. Dred Scott Decision (1857) - Supreme Court ruling, in a lawsuit brought by Dred Scott, a slave demanding his freedom based on his residence in a free state and a free territory with his master, that slaves could not be US citizens and that Congress had no jurisdiction over slavery inthe territories. -It overturned the
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