HIST 2610 1st Edition Lecture 13 Outline of Last Lecture Rivalry Between Britain and France in North AmericaOutline of Current Lecture Britain’s Attitude Towards its ColoniesRegulations of the British Government (Prior to 1754)Britain’s New Policy in ActionCurrent LectureBritain's Attitude Towards Its Colonies1. Colonies were created to benefit the Mother Country - Britain2. Americans possessions were a source of food/raw materials. It was also a market for its finished products. 3. Britain sought to curb colonial manufacturing (Kill their competition!) and keep other European countries from sharing colonial trade. 4. Mercantilism(This is the attitude of the British government towards their colonies)Regulations of the British Government (Prior to 1754)-Navigation acts were passed beginning in 1650. The Commonwealth government was attempting to protect English shipping from the Dutch. These laws were created to protect the English. 1. No goods could be shipped to or from any colony except in British ships.2. Enumerated (or listed) articles. AKA certain things produced in the colonies that could only besold to the mother countryThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.3. European goods destined for the colonies. Goods from other European destinations other than Britain had to first be shipped to great Britain before they could be shipped to the colonies. -Wollen Act (1699)-Hat Act (1732)-Molasses Act (1733) Heavy, heavy taxes were put on molasses and sugar-Iron Act (1750) The manufacturing of Iron was prohibited in the colonies. -Effects? Little effect at first. But by the time we get to the French and Indian War. There isn't a great dealof enforcement so the colonies basically ignore these acts. However, British policy changed and stiffened. The British believed their colonies had not done enough to help themselves during the French and Indian war. Also, the British gov. just wanted to strengthen its political control and power over the colonies.George Grenville, Brit. P. M. 1763-1765Britain's New Policy in ActionWrits of Assistance (beginning in 1761)-general search warrants that gave officers(customs officials) the power to investigate and ship, home, office, place, where they believed that smuggled goods would be found. They could look anywhere they wanted and take as long as they wanted. These writs were created to stop smuggling and illegal colonial trade with other foreign nations. -Reaction - argument that these writs of assistance were illegal under British common law. The government argues backs saying that it can be supported. The man who argued against them was a named James Otis. Otis tried to play by the rules by using their laws against them. He got nowhere playing by rules, so the people decided they would not. -Proclamation of 1763 - created to keep any of this from ever happening again. 1. Pontiac and the Ottawas2. Stipulations:A) All settlers in the Ohio Valley must move back eastB) new settlements west of the Appalachians are forbiddenC) traders prohibited from entering the region without government approval3. Reaction of the people - they ignore it. The chances of Native American conflict are reduced if the colonist move/leave. Britain does notwant to pay for troops to be there. The colonists do not listen and stay put because they do not want to let the government be in control of them. Sugar Act (1764)1. Raised duties2. Lowered duty3. Added more products to lists of enumerated articlesRaised taxes on sugars and textiles. American Merchants continue to smuggle. This act was created to prevent smuggling by making prices more reasonable/competitive. Quartering Act (1765)`1. Required the Colonial legislatures to help meet the expense of maintaining British troops in America. AKA the American colonists were required to pay for the troops that were kept in North America. 2. Reaction. They argued that they don't need the large number of troops that were there whichcost more money in a time of peace. But they also needed some troops to protect them in their was a confrontation with the Native Americans. Stamp Act (1765)1. Placed a tax on multiple articles: legal documents, wills, licenses, deeds, playing cards, almanacs, pamphlets, newspapers2. Stamps affixed to these articles. 3. Reaction - people were really really mad in the American colonies. Additional fees had to be paid on all of theses things. Various groups (Patriotic societies) got together with the purpose ofoverturning the stamp act. They called themselves the Sons of Liberty. Tax collectors were mobbed and driven from their homes4. Merchants5. Colonists. 6. House or Burgesses7. No taxation without representation. There was no representation of government in the colonies. Since there were no representatives from parliament, they have no right to tax the colonies. 8. In the fall of 1765, the Stamp Act Congress got together to draw up a document arguing that the colonist were entitled to their rights as Englishmen that they were entitled to. They also argued thattaxation without the consent of the peoples own elected officials was a violation of these rights as Englishmen. 9. This violent opposition to the stamp act scared the British. 10. William Pitt spoke out against the tax. Said the big argument wasn't worth it. 11. In 1766 Parliament repealed the tax and they passed an Act known as the Declaratory Act. Itsays yes, we are repealing this tax, but we have the authority over everything in the
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