Jamestown Many diseases because of location o On the James River o Low swampy Starving time from 1609 to 1610 o Worst time in the colony s history o Disorganized o Not enough food to feed the colonists o Malnutrition came about o At the end of that winter only 60 of the original 500 were left Colonists often lost to the Indians in battle for land o 1611 and 1622 several large massacres occurred o Wiped out almost half the colony John Smith changed the rules of the colony to save it 3 things that led the Virginia Colony to success John Rolfe s experimentation in tobacco o 1612 o Found a type that was mild enough to sell to Europeans Brings in more money and people to the colony making it rich Becomes richest and biggest colony by 1776 Tobacco caused slavery to develop First slaves were brought to Virginia in 1619 Originally were indentured servants because English disagreed with slavery o Would get freedom after 7 years of voluntary service o By 1660 indentured servants of African descent became slaves Became slave owner s property A way for Virginia to make money Cash crop Made peace with the Indians and allowed them to trade o Pocahontas married Rolfe to keep peace with the Natives Virginia developed the 1st representative legislature of the New World o 1619 o People have a say in their ruling government o Attracted more people to the colony Virginia turns back into a royal colony o 1624 1625 o King gives colony what it needs to run and survive Money Soldiers Supplies Leaders settlers Plymouth 1620 separatists arrived o Escaping religious persecution Separating from the church o Originally went to Holland Eventually the colony was absorbed into Massachusetts o 1691 o MA was settled by the Puritans that wanted to purify the church not separate City on a hill Example for the rest of Europe to follow Reputation of being strict and narrow minded Mixed economy Mayflower Compact 1st Thanksgiving o Set of laws made for the colony by the leaders o Native American tribes had similar celebrations for hundreds of years o Spanish near El Paso in 1598 o English in Jamestown in 1619 New York Originally settled by the Dutch o For riches o Fur traders and farmers resided there o Founded 1624 Captured by English 1664 o Proprietor was Duke of York o Patrons were large farm owners o King gives it to his brother Becomes a big colony o Wasn t religious o Centrally located o Cosmopolitan Pennsylvania 1682 William Penn was the founder Set up as a haven for the English Quakers o They were considered weird Dressed different No colors Talked different No formal language Every human being is equal All have inner light Women spoke in church Opposes war and violence Frame of Government o Written by Penn 1682 o Like a constitution o Open religious policy as long as believed in some supreme being o Bought land from Indians o To vote or run for office had to own property Founded by wealthy English philanthropists who were led by James Oglethorpe Georgia 1733 when first settlers came o Papers for the colony signed in 1732 Haven for English poor Became royal colony in 1753 o Decision was made in 1748 o Dreamy idealistic motives from the original founder failed o By mid 1700s Georgia s plan of trustees wasn t working Trustees weren t allowed to make profit Silk was supposed to support the settlers but didn t Main laws o Free land to everyone but could sell land or buy more o Only way to change hands is death Would go to oldest sons o No slaves o Band liquor 3 Standard Colonial Government Types o Example Pennsylvania o Owned by one person or a small group of people Proprietary Corporate Royal o Example Plymouth o Owned by a company o Example Virginia o Owned and controlled by royalty The Colonies as a Part of the English Empire All of the colonies were founded by different people at different times and for different reasons Mercantilism o Economic system to increase national wealth and power by heavy government regulation and control of the nation s economy Aim was to accumulate wealth Three elements National self sufficiency o All money for trade is staying within the empire o All trade in the empire must be on English ships Between the colonies or to the mother country Allowed money to stay in the English economy Favorable balance of trade o Selling more than you buy o Certain products couldn t be sold outside the empire Enumerated commodities Products of value o Tobacco o Sugar o Cotton o Indigo Monopoly of trade in the empire o All trade is regulated by the government o Trade couldn t go directly from an European country to the colonies or vice versa Had to go through England first to be inspected and Poorly enforced by the government taxed Lack of enforcement that later changes to enforcement is a reason the colonies started rebelling and fighting for their independence Mass amounts of land to cover and enforce it in o This was for entire English empire and all its colonies o Salutary neglect Parliament not wanting to strictly enforce laws to allow the colonies to prosper but still wanting them to obey the laws set in place by the authorities Employees not ideal o Poorly paid o Much corruption In response Adam Smith brought up the idea of Laissez Faire let do Beginning ideas of capitalism forming 1660s English began passing laws to put mercantilism into effect to grow their power and wealth o Navigation Act 1660 Laws that began to bring about mercantilism Colonies produced the raw materials that the empire needed to become self sufficient o Colonies became like a market place Anglo French Conflict The English forced the migration of the Acadians down to Louisiana Series of wars between the French and English between the 1680s and 1780s o Queen Anne s War 1702 1713 Treaty of Utrecht which ended the war gave English much of French Canada 1713 o King William s War 1689 1697 o King George s War 1740 1748 o French and Indian War Also called 7 year war in Europe Fought on all oceans of the world 1754 1763 Eventually helped lead to the American Revolution 1776 1783 Caused by French and British struggle for control of North America Competition also with forming allies with the Indians o Through trade o Building forts in strategic places o Fighting wars French advantages They knew the backlands well because of control and business done in Canada and dealings with the Indians Strongest army in Europe More central and organized headquarters o Quebec o New Orleans Messages between the armies were relayed faster English
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