Factors Encouraging Overseas Voyages o Trade with the East o China was referred to as Caf o Marco Polo made his way to china 1271 1295 o Europeans were interested in what they could get from chine Lecture 5 Silk Spices Black Pepper so expensive like gold luxury item only the wealthy had o Asian Middle men were the center of trade for the trading Europeans o The suppliers for the middle men where making a huge profit Europeans curiosity about the Far East Wealth ambitions of the new national states o Peace of West Phalia signed 1648 State self governed and political entity Nation shared culture or language Not all nations are states If you wanted to further expand from Europe then you had to do it yourself it was getting expensive o Scientific Progress allows them to go out on the open ocean with the confidence to not get lost Europeans were getting curious about the world They started updating maps and making them pretty accurate Which allowed them to not get lost over time Two things of navigation of sea o 1st development of a better compass made it enclosed Chinese first invented the compass take a piece of magnetized metal and insert it to a piece of straw and place it in a bowl of water and it moves itself The farther north you go the more accurate it is to tell which way north is Rough seas made it difficult to travel o Astrolabe Determines how far north and south you are All the clocks were pendulum and they glitch on the rough sea If the time is off it throws off the calculations The Meridian goes through English Britain East and Western Hemisphere Most common types of shift in the European Age of Exploration o Carvel very useful ship type easily maneuverable o Carrack had castles on them to shoot arrows at other ships o Galleon a lot of space to carry cargo and passengers faster than the others Useful as a warship Merchant ships were always armed Portugal 1st to reach East o Motives of Prince Henry the Navigator 1394 1460 Three motives of henry and others Trying to find some Christian kingdom Preston John didn t exist New trade possibilities with someone If there wasn t a Christian Kingdom they were going to expand Christianity and build one o Henry made a navigational school o Portuguese sea captains pushed southward to find the end of Africa so the could go to china so they think o 1441 Senegal River just north of Cape Verde They stopped there and sent a boatload of slaves back to Portugal They found away around the traditional slave routes They were now able to trade slaves without the trouble of the middle men 1488 Bartholomew Dias reached the Cape of Good Hope he continued east a short distance from the Cape of Good Hope and his people rebelled because they wanted to go back First person to go around the Cape of Good Hope Shortly Forgotten Vasco de Gama Round the CoGH kept going north and he runs into Muslims and they don t like him because they think he will inhibit their trading He wants to cross the Indian Ocean but doesn t know how He is provided with a Muslim navigator named Ahmad Ibn Majid He made it around that ocean into calica He is there for a short time he pisses off the Indians Over half his crew died 1500 second voyage would be taken Pedro something took 13 ships All the members of this factory were murdered Pedro developed a factory where the Portuguese lived that went on the voyage in revenge he seeks out ships to destroy and found ten Muslim ships and destroyed them all de Gama took 20 ships back to calica and he forced the Indians to trade with him and he brought back a great profit Financed two significant expeditions Christopher Columbus 1492 He thought that you could go west to go east the world in his mind was flat Across the Atlantic Ocean the underestimated the size of the Earth He ran into Henry 7th and he wasn t interested The pitched it to the Queen and King of Spain Isabella and Ferdinand Isabella was captured by the ideas of Columbus and provided him with a certain amount of money and 3 ships Names of the ships Santa Maria 87ft 150tons Nina70ft Pinta 74ft Sailed for a long time and never hit land Columbus offered man money that spotted land money Found land and made his way around and finally made his way around to spain Columbus never made it to china Didn t take into account that there are two entirely different continents in the way of china In four voyages never figured it out Served jail in 1502 Died 1506 never knowing about the other continents
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