HIST 2610 1st EditionExam # 2 Study Guide Lectures: 9-18This Study Guide is based off of the instruction for test preparation given in test and follows the format of our instructors study guide material. HIST 2610 Study Guide Exam #2Fort Duquesne - The area in which the French had claimed during the French and Indian war. They were camped out here and were asked to leave by Washington who gave them a message.The French refuse.George Washington - The first President of the United States. Commander of the Continental Army. General. From Virginia. Led the Revolutionary Army in their fight for independence. Also has interest in trade on the Ohio river valley politically and because of his family.Fort Necessity - Fort Necessity is an American site front he French and Indian war. It was set lower in the terrain and the Americans could not survive there because of the rain. Washington knew that his men would die unnecessarily if they remained there and resigned to the French instead. He signed a resignation document that also stated he had assassinated a French Officer which he di not see was in the document. Benjamin Franklin - He was very Active in the Revolution and was part of writing the Constitution. He signed the Treaty of Paris and negotiated French support for the colonists. He was also an author and wrote "Poor Richard's Almanac". Franklin was sort of a jack of all trades and had some inventions as well. His development of the printer and success and writing made him popular an led to his involvement in politics., Edward Braddock - A Solider and Commander for the American Colonies. He was unfortunately know for his lack of success in battle and defeat. He lost to the French at Fort Duquesne, his troops were ambushed, and he was killed. Washington gathered his surviving men and got themout of this situation after Braddock died. James Wolfe - A British amy officer known for his win in the Battle of Quebec. Was very helpful in conquering Canada.Quebec - Quebec:-1759-9,000 troops under the command of James Wolfe -Land siege to QuebecThe Quebec Act:1. Ectended the boundary of the Canadian of Quebec southward to the Ohio River2. Not intended as part of Coercive Acts.3. Considered another "intolerable act" by colonists because:-gave to canada territories claimed several of the 13 colonies -french style centralized governmentThe Treaty of Paris (1763) - Signed by Great Britain, France, Spain, and Portugal. It ended the Seven Years War (the French and Indian War). This is the start of British dominance. Writ of Habeus Corpus - A court order that people entitling people to these rights :A. Informed of the charges against themB. given a speedy trial (AKA a person cannot be thrown in a jail to sit for a lengthy periodof time before their trial)C. A person may be released on bail while awaiting a decisions in their case in court. New England Confederation - A military alliance between the English Colonies of Massachusetts,Plymouth, and Connecticut. It did not last very long. There war two purposes of this unity. 1. Unite the Puritans in support of the Church. 2. Defense against native Americans and the Dutch. Dominion of New England - The administrative Union of the English Colonies in North America that are in the new England Region. This union stripped the colonies of their tradition rights andpeople were very mad. This union made government more centralized and was immediately removed after King James left the throne. Hat Act (1732)- Regulations of the British Government (Prior to 1754)-Navigation acts were passed beginning in 1650. The Commonwealth government was attempting to protect English shipping from the Dutch. These laws were created to protect the English. 1. No goods could be shipped to or from any colony except in British ships.2. Enumerated (or listed) articles. AKA certain things produced in the colonies that could only besold to the mother country3. European goods destined for the colonies. Goods from other European destinations other than Britain had to first be shipped to great Britain before they could be shipped to the colonies. -Wollen Act (1699)-Hat Act (1732)-Molasses Act (1733) Heavy, heavy taxes were put on molasses and sugar-Iron Act (1750) The manufacturing of Iron was prohibited in the colonies. -Effects? Little effect at first. But by the time we get to the French and Indian War. There isn't a great dealof enforcement so the colonies basically ignore these acts. However, British policy changed and stiffened. The British believed their colonies had not done enough to help themselves during the French and Indian war. Also, the British gov. just wanted to strengthen its political control and power over the colonies.George Grenville, Brit. P. M. 1763-1765Writs of Assistance (beginning in 1761)-general search warrants that gave officers(customs officials) the power to investigate and ship, home, office, place, where they believed that smuggled goods would be found. They could look anywhere they wanted and take as long as they wanted. These writs were created to stop smuggling and illegal colonial trade with other foreign nations. -Reaction - argument that these writs of assistance were illegal under British common law. The government argues backs saying that it can be supported. The man who argued against them was a named James Otis. Otis tried to play by the rules by using their laws against them. He got nowhere playing by rules, so the people decided they would not. Writs of Assistance - general search warrants that gave officers(customs officials) the power to investigate and ship, home, office, place, where they believed that smuggled goods would be found. They could look anywhere they wanted and take as long as they wanted. These writs were created to stop smuggling and illegal colonial trade with other foreign nations. *Reaction - argument that these writs of assistance were illegal under British common law. The government argues backs saying that it can be supported. The man who argued against themwas a named James Otis. Otis tried to play by the rules by using their laws against them. He got nowhere playing by rules, so the people decided they would not. Proclamation of 1763 - created to keep any of this from happening ever again. 1. Pontiac and the Ottawas2. Stipulations:A) All settlers in the Ohio Valley must move back eastB) new settlements west of the Appalachians are forbiddenC) traders prohibited from entering the region without government
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