Jacksonian Period The 1820s 1830s Called the Rise of the Common Man because a large number of average people began participating in politics Election of 1824 o There were four candidates Andrew Jackson who was a senator John Quincy Adams who was secretary of state Henry Clay who was speaker of the house William Crawford who was secretary of the treasury Died during the campaign o Party didn t necessarily have to agree on one candidate o No one got the majority of the electoral vote Election then got bumped to the House and J Q Adams was selected Corruption was suspected by Jackson because Adams put Clay as his secretary of state as soon as he got elected Election of 1828 o Jackson won by the majority o Jackson s philosophy Called the tribute of the people because he was born in poverty to a Scotch Irish family States rights more states power and limited federal power Laissez faire let do Federal government keeps their hands out of the state s economies Strict construction of the construction Suspicious of banks and things owned by the elite Wanted a weak central government Spoils system When the president wins an election he gets to appoint all the government positions that don t require the people to elect o Benefits people and makes the government more responsible to the people Jackson was president from 1829 to 1837 The Democrat Republican party splits into two wings o Nationalist Wing Becomes the Whig party Supported the 2nd Bank of the US Wanted higher tariffs Wanted a strong central government Believed in protective tariffs Liked Alexander Hamilton s leadership and ideologies Believed in loose construction of the constitution Leaders included Henry Clay John Quincy Adams Daniel Webster o Traditional Wing Became the Democrat party Suspicious of banks Low tariffs Revenue tariffs not protective Laissez faire Strict construction of the constitution Leaders included Andrew Jackson John Calhoun and Martin van Buren Fight over the Bank of the US o Nicholas Biddle was the bank president o The bank made the government stronger because it had so many services o Big bank Also had money in state banks called pet banks o Owned by the wealthy o Jackson wanted to cripple the bank o The law to extend the bank was passed Jackson wanted to veto Whigs would then go to the voters and call Jackson ignorant before the next election If Jackson signed bill then the Whigs would celebrate as well because they wanted the bill to pass o Jackson vetoes the bill claiming that it is unconstitutional Goes against the ruling of McCulloch vs Maryland decision stating that the Bank of the US was constitutional Jackson hated that the bank was owned by a wealthy few and foreigners even handle the money The bank died since it wasn t extended Whigs would use this as a weapon against Jackson in the election of 1832 Tariff of Abomination 1828 It was a high tariff on foreign goods coming into the United States American companies could make the same goods for a cheaper price because of the tariff which helped industry in the economy This tariff hurt the south the most because they bought many finished products from Europe since they weren t very industrialized These goods now cost the farmers more to buy less profits to keep US government puts high tariffs on goods coming from Europe Europe therefore buys less US goods especially cotton South Carolina was the most outspoken about the tariff It s legislature met and adopted the South Carolina exposition and protests o Exposition was written by Calhoun who was the VP of the US Tariff of 1832 Tariffs were supposed to regulate trade but Calhoun felt that since the tariff was so high that it was to give advantage to some areas of the country while hurting others Called a protective tariff since it protects some at the expense of others Protected northern factories from foreign competition while hurting southern agricultural economy o Explains what states could do if they disagreed with a law the federal law nullification States created the federal government and gave it its power so they created the constitution and decide for themselves which laws they chose to adopt o South Carolina calls a special convention to meet to possibly nullify the tariff Does so because it was a protective tariff which was unconstitutional Threatened secession o Jackson said that South Carolina cant secede that resisting enforcement would be treason o South Carolina sent out letters to other states to join them in 1835 but none did o Force bill Funds authority for Jackson to enforce the law by raising up an army o Compromise tariff Like 1832 tariff but rates would go down for ten years slowly before they go away completely South Carolina accepts the compromise tariff but nullifies the force bill Anti slavery pro slavery Slavery in the 1800s wasn t new 1660s black indentured servants began becoming slaves o Most came West Africa o Cheaper than being indentured servants About 9 5 million Africans sold into slavery o 50 to South America Mainly Brazil o About 40 to the Caribbean Used mainly for sugar cane plantations About 387 000 o 2 to Europe o 2 to Central America o 2 to North America Canada and US Few diseases in the US so less states had to be bought Pretty equal number of male and female Better work conditions in US Easier reproduction between the slaves About 427 000 o 2 3 of all slaves went to sugar colonies Texas Mexican War 1500s Spanish took Mexico from the Natives 1821 Mexico gets independence from Spain o Starting in the 1820s Americans start moving to Texas Indians needed to be taken care of in the land Stephen F Austin led the migration War started late 1835 in San Antonio when Texans surprised the Mexican army and ran them out of town o Army included Anglos Mexicans and Blacks o Santa Anna Mexican President brought into army to suppress the rebellion that was taking place 1836 Texas becomes independent 1845 Texas becomes part of the US 1846 Mexican American war 2 most well known battles of the war o Alamo March 1836 Old catholic mission The battle s purpose was to resist the quick advance of the Mexican army to give Sam Houston time to create a bigger better army 2 weeks long 190 Texans volunteers versus thousands of Mexicans Texans army included Davy Crocket from Tennessee All defenders were killed Men fought inside the Alamo to the last man Created a spark in the revolution that made them fight harder o Remember the Alamo o San Jacinto April 1836 Santa Anna wanted to crush
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