PSYCH 100 Crosby Chapter 11 Stress and Health EX IN CLASS TRIANGLE A SCHOOL AND OR WORK B LEISURE RECREATIONAL ACTIVITIES C RELATIONSHIPS W OTHERS DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ACTUAL AND IDEAL TRIANGLE IS STRESS IN LIFE STRESS AND STRESSORS STRESS the physical emotional cognitive and behavioral responses to threatening or WHAT ARE SOME OF THE WAYS THAT STRESS CAN MANIFEST SHOW ITSELF challenging events SWEATING PHYSICAL CRYING EMOTIONAL DEPRESSION COGNITIVE NOT EATING BEHAVIORAL STRESSORS events that cause a stress reaction WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN DISTRESS AND EUSTRESS DISTRESS EFFECT OF UNPLEASANT UNDESIREABLE STRESSORS EUSTRESS POSITIVE EVENTS NEED OPTIMAL LEVEL OF STRESS TO MOTIVATE PROMOTE WELL BEING MARRIAGE EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENTAL EVENTS CATASTROPHES UNPREDICTABLE event that creates a tremendous need to adapt and adjust as well as overwhelming feelings of threat LIFE CHANGES POSITIVE MARRIAGE GOING TO COLLEGE NEW JOB NEGATIVE LOSS OF LOVED ONE DIVORCE FORECLOSURE WHAT ARE SOME OF THE CONSEQUENCES OF SIGNIFICANT LEVELS OF LIFE STRESS INCREASED RISK OF ILLNESS AND ACCIDENTS MEASURING SCALE RESEARCH POSTIVE CORRELATION B W LIFE CHANGES AND ILLNESS PSYCH 100 Crosby HASSLES daily annoyances of everyday life WHAT ARE SOME OF THE GREATEST HASSLES REPORTED BY INDIVIDUALS AT DIFFERENT DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES PRE SCHOOL TEASING SCHOOL AGE 6 10 BAD GRADES EARLY ADOLESCENTS 11 15 PRESSURE TO USE DRUGS LATER ADOLESCENTS 15 20 TROUBLE AT SCHOOL AND WORK ADULTS FIGHTING AMONG FAMILY MEMBERS ELDERLY LACK OF MONEY PROBLEMS WITH RESEARCH TIME PERIOD NOT REPRESENTATIVE AREA SOCIAL STATUS TOO FEW PSYCHOLOGICAL STRESSORS PRESSURE URGENT demands or expectations from an outside source UNCONTROLLABILITY DEGREE OF CONTROL OVER EVENT OR SITUATION FRUSTRATION response when a desired goal or a perceived need is blocked WHAT ARE SOME TYPICAL RESPONSES TO FRUSTRATION PERSISTENCE ALTERNATE SOLUTION AGGRESSION FRUSTRATION CAN LEAD TO THE READINESS OF BEING AGGRESSIVE BUT WHETHER THAT HAPPENS DEPENDS ON OTHER CIRCUMSTANCES AND FACTORS DISPLACED AGGRESSION TAKING FRUSTRATION OUT ON LESS THREATENING SOURCE ESCAPE OR WITHDRAWL PHYSICAL OR PSYCHOLOGICAL CONFLICT a pull toward two desires or goals only one of which can be attained APPROACH APPROACH CONFLICT WIN WIN SITUATION BOTH GOALS ARE POSITIVE AND HAVE TO DECIDE BETWEEN THE TWO EX ACCEPTED TO TWO EXCELLENT COLLEGES JOB OPPORTUNITIES AVOIDANCE AVOIDANCE CONFLICT CHOICE BETWEEN GOALS THAT ARE UNPLEASANT NEGATIVE EX DISSATISFYING JOB OR LESS PAYING JOB APPROACH AVOIDANCE CONFLICT ONE GOAL THAT HAS POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE ASPECTS TO IT RESEARCH SHOWS THIS IS THE MOST STRESSFUL TYPE OF EVENT EX COMING TO COLLEGE EDUCATION ADVATAGE VS FINANCIAL DEBT JOB VS FAR FROM HOME PSYCH 100 Crosby PHYSIOLOGICAL FACTORS STRESS AND HEALTH REMEMBER THE SYMPATHETIC AND PARASYMPATHETIC DIVISIONS OF THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM CHAPTER 2 WHICH IS INVOLVED IN THE REACTION TO STRESS SYMPATHETIC DIVISION IF STRESS LASTS TOO LONG PARASYMPATHETIC DIVISION KICKS IN TO SHUT DOWN THE SYMPATHETIC DIVISION TO RELAX THE BODY GENERAL ADAPTATION SYNDROME GAS three stages of the body s physical reaction to stress STAGE 1 ALARM SOME STRESS IS REALIZED AND BODY IS IN STATE OF ALARM IN WHICH SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM IS ACTIVATED AND STRESS HORMONES ARE RELEASED TO FIGHT OFF STRESSOR INITIAL STATE OF SHOCK IN WHICH BODY BUILDS UP RESOURCES STAGE 2 RESISTANCE BODY COMES UP WITH MEANS OF REDUCING STRESS AND FIGHTS IT STAGE 3 EXHAUSTION BODY S RESOURCES FOR DEALING WITH STRESS HAS BEEN DEPLETED AND BEING UNABLE TO MAINTAIN NORMAL FUNCTION IF STRESSOR DOESN T LEAVE IMMUNE SYSTEM AND BODILY FUNCTIONS BECOME IMPAIRED PARASYMPATHETIC SYSTEM STARTS COMING IN CAN BE INTENSE STRESSOR DURING A SHORT TIME OR LESS SEVERE OVER LONGER PERIOD OF TIME HOW DOES STRESS IMPACT IMMUNE FUNCTIONING AND PROBLEMS LIKE HEART DISEASE AND CANCER IMMUNE SYSTEM CELLS ORGANS AND CHEMICALS THAT RESPOND TO DISEASE INFECTION AND INJURY NEGATIVELY AFFECTED BY STRESS CAN BE SAME EFFECT AS IF WHEN BODY IS INFECTED STRESS CAN INCREASE RISK OF ILLNESS COLD THE LONGER THE STRESSOR OCCURS STRESS HAS BEEN SHOWN TO PUT PEOPLE AT A HIGHER RISK OF HEART ATTACKS STRESS LEADS TO PHYSIOLOGICAL REACTIONS AND ALSO UNHEALTHY BEHAVIORS NOT EATING EXERCISING WHICH LEAD TO CORONARY HEART DISEASE PERSONALITY FACTORS IN STRESS MEYER FRIEDMAN PSYCH 100 Crosby AMBITIOUS TIME CONSCIOUS HARDWORKING OFTEN HOSTILE EASILY ANNOYED WORKAHOLICS RELAXED LESS COMPETITIVE THAN TYPE A SLOW TO ANGER TYPE A TYPE B TYPE C PLEASANT REPRESSED INTERNALIZES ANGER ANXIETY UNCOMFORTABLE WITH TENSE SITUATIONS REPRESSION CAN BE LINKED TO GREATER RISK OF CANCER TYPE A PERSONALITY MEN HAVE A 3 TIMES GREATER RISK THAN TYPE B TO DEVELOP HEART DISEASE WOMEN WHO WORK OUTSIDE OF THE HOME WITH TYPE A PERSONALITY HAVE FOUR TIMES GREATER RISK OF HEART DISEASE PART OF THE REASON WHY MAY BE THE HOSTILITY EXPERIENCED HOW DOES THE HARDY PERSONALITY DIFFER FROM THE TYPE A PERSONALITY HARDY THRIVES ON STRESS BUT LACKS THE ANGER HOSTILITY OF TYPE A MORE SATISFIED WITH SUCCESS AND ACCOMPLISHMENTS GREATER SENSE OF CONTROL HIGH ACHIEVERS PAY ATTENTION TO DETAILS OPTIMISTS people who expect positive outcomes PESSIMISTS people who expect negative outcomes ACCORDING TO SELIGMAN HOW MIGHT OPTIMISM AFFECT LIFE EXPECTANCY OPTIMISTS ARE LESS LIKELY TO DEVELOP HELPLESSNESS AND PERSIST IN TROUBLED TIMES MORE LIKELY TO TAKE CARE OF PHYSICAL HEALTH BELIEVE THEY HAVE IMPACT CAN MAKE A DIFFERENCE RATHER THAN PESSIMISTIC VIEW OF THINGS BEING FATED AS THEY ARE AND BECOME MORE LIKELY TO BE DEPRESSED OPTIMISTS HAVE BETTER IMMUNE SYSTEMS COPING STRATEGIES actions people can take to master tolerate reduce or minimize COPING WITH STRESS stressor effects PSYCH 100 Crosby WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PROBLEM FOCUSED COPING AND EMOTION FOCUSED COPING PROBLEM FOCUSED TAKING DIRECT ACTION TO REDUCE STRESS EX TRY TO ESTABLISH FRIENDSHIPS VISITING NEW SCHOOL FOR CHILD EMOTION CHANGING IMPACT OF STRESSOR BY ADJUSTING REACTION TO IT EX TALKING ABOUT FEELINGS AND TURNING NEGATIVE FEELINGS TO POSITIVE ENCOURAGEMENT IS MEDITATION AN EFFECTIVE WAY TO REDUCE STRESS WHY OR WHY NOT MEDITATION MENTAL EXERCISES TO REFOCUS ATTENTION TRANCELIKE CONSCIOUSNESS CAN AID IN RELAXING LOWERING BLOOD PRESSURE REDUCING PAIN IMPROVING SLEEP 20 MINUTES CAN HELP WHAT DOES RESEARCH SUGGEST ABOUT THE LINK BETWEEN EXERCISE AND PHYSICAL MENTAL HEALTH MANAGE STRESS AND MAXIMIZE HEALTH BENEFITS REDUCES HEART DISEASE CANCER WEIGHT ANXIETY DEPRESSION
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