PSU PSYCH 100 - Lectures 7 & 8 and Chapter 3

Unformatted text preview:

Lectures 9-11 and Chapter 6Lectures 7 & 8 and Chapter 3 (pgs 93-100, 112-123)1. Know how wavelength and amplitude (intensity) are related to the psychological dimensions of color (hue) and brightness. Wavelength is the distance from the peak of one wave to the peak of the next. The hue or the color is determined by the wavelength. Meaning that different wavelengths of light result in different colors. The intensity or amplitude is the amount of energy in a wave and it is related to the perceived brightness.2. Know the parts of the eye that we discussed in class. Cornea-Transparent tissue where the light enters the eyeIris-Muscle that expands and contracts to change the size of openingPupil-adjustable opening that lets light into the eyeLens-focuses the light rays on the retinaRetina-Contains sensory receptors that process visual information and send it to the brain3. What is the difference between nearsightedness and farsightedness?Nearsightedness you can see nearby objects more clearly than distant objects. The image is focused in the front of the eye.Farsightedness is when faraway objects are seen more clearly than near objects. The image is focused behind the retina.4. What are the differences between rods and cones?Rods- responsible for non-color sensitivity to low levels of lightCones-responsible for color vision and sharpness of visionBoth are photoreceptors that are found at the back of the retina.5. Know the tri-chromatic and opponent-process theories of color vision.The trichromatic theory says that the retina contains three receptors maximally sensitive to red, blue and green wavelengths. Most people are trichromats.The opponent process theory explains after images due to competition between colors. We process four colors opposed in pairs of red-green, blue-yellow, and black-white.6. Be able to describe what color blindness is and what the perception is like (in general). Which theory can account for color blindness?If you are color blind the red cones are filled with green photopigment. (or vice versa): Dicromats7. What is an afterimage? Which theory can account for their appearance?The opponent process theory an account for the appearance of after images. After images are images that occur when a visual sensation persists for a brief time even after the original stimulus is removed.8. Know the Gestalt grouping principles: proximity, similarity, continuity, connectedness, closure and common fate. 9. What are the two binocular cues to depth perception and how do they work.Retinal disparity- The image on each retina is slightly different because our eyes are located slightly apart. When our brain combines the images, it sees things in 3-D.Convergence- Our eyes move together to focus on something close and move further apart for distant objects.10. Know the monocular cues for perceiving depth –relative size- if two images are similar in size, we perceive one that casts a smaller retinal image as further away interposition (occlusion)- one object blocks our view of another, the object that is blocking is closer.aerial perspective- Light passes through the atmosphere. Clearer objects are closer. The more atmosphere the more noise or haze. texture gradient- We see fewer details the farther the object is from us. linear perspective- Parallel lines appear to converge with distance. The more the lines converge the greater their perceived distance is. motion parallax- Close objects appear to move more quickly than objects that are fartheraway.11. What is a perceptual constancy? Know size, shape and color constancies.Perceiving the properties of an object to remain the same even though the physical properties are changing. The stimulus or retinal image changes but the perception stays the same.Shape constancy- Shape perception is the same, retinal image is different.Size constancy- We perceive an object as the same size even if the retinal size changes.Color constancy- the color of an object remains the same under different illuminations.Lectures 9-11 and Chapter 61. What is memory?Persistence of learning over time, through storage and retrieval of information2. Know the basic memory processes – encoding, storage and retrieval.Encoding-Getting information into the memory systemStorage- retention of informationRetrieval- getting information out3. What is the information processing model? Know the three-stage model of memory. Know that working memory contains visual and auditory elements.Sensory memory- immediate, brief recording of sensory informationShort term memory-holds a few items for a short timeLong term memory-relatively permanent and limitless storageWorking memory is a much more realistic representation of short term memory. The information will stay in the memory for as long as you rehearse it. It allows us to do multipletasks at once because it contains auditory and visual spatial elements.4. Know that we automatically process things in time and space. Know that other things require effort to process.Automatic processing-enormous amount of information is processed effortlessly by us like time and space. For example, space; while reading a textbook you automatically encodeplace of a picture on a page. Time; we unintentionally note the events that take place in a day.Frequency- you effortlessly keep track of things that happened to you5. Know the three ways to encode information. What typically leads to better performance?Semantic encoding-meaningAcoustic encoding-soundVisual encoding-visualSemantic along with painting a mental picture is powerful in effortful processing.6. Know the three memory stores (sensory, working/short-term, and long-term) and the characteristics of each.Sensory memory-the first stage of memory, the point at which the information enters the nervous system through the sensory systems. There are two kinds of sensory memory; iconic and echoic. Iconic is visual memory which only lasts a fraction of a second. Echoic is hearing sensory which last only a brief moment.Working/short term memory- the memory system in which information is held for brief periods of time while being used. Working and short term memory are typically used interchangeably but working memory is an active system that processes the information IN short term memory.Long term memory- the system of memory into which all the information is placed to be kept more or less


View Full Document

PSU PSYCH 100 - Lectures 7 & 8 and Chapter 3

Documents in this Course
Exam 2

Exam 2

13 pages

Chapter 6

Chapter 6

11 pages

Chapter 5

Chapter 5

12 pages

Chapter 5

Chapter 5

12 pages

EXAM 1

EXAM 1

10 pages

Chapter 7

Chapter 7

14 pages

Chapter 1

Chapter 1

10 pages

EXAM 2

EXAM 2

10 pages

Chapter 3

Chapter 3

28 pages

Load more
Download Lectures 7 & 8 and Chapter 3
Our administrator received your request to download this document. We will send you the file to your email shortly.
Loading Unlocking...
Login

Join to view Lectures 7 & 8 and Chapter 3 and access 3M+ class-specific study document.

or
We will never post anything without your permission.
Don't have an account?
Sign Up

Join to view Lectures 7 & 8 and Chapter 3 2 2 and access 3M+ class-specific study document.

or

By creating an account you agree to our Privacy Policy and Terms Of Use

Already a member?