Psych 100.1H Focus QuestionsChapter 14 (pp. 525-end) – Class 3011/4/20131. Describe how the low-ball technique, the foot-in-the-door technique, and the reciprocity norm serve as forces for compliance, providing evidence in your response.a. Low-ball: ‘commitment, then cost’ i. Cialdini et al. (1974) asked students to volunteer for a psychology experiment as 7.00am in the morning – only 24% complied, anther group were not told the time of the experiment, and 56% complied and 95% turned for the experiment at 7.00am. This clearly shows how low balling is an effective compliance technique – and the research has high e.v.b. Foot in the door: Small request before big onei. Do you have water? Do you have lemonade? I can do your driveway for a special deal. ii. Institutes sense of trust, commitment, compassionc. Reciprocity normi. People feel obliged to return favors1. Having received a gift, person hard to turn away2. Using foot in door + reciprocity cancels out2. Describe Milgram’s classic obedience to conformity experiment, briefly discussing each factor that contributed to obedience. What are some critiques of the experiment?a. Milgrami. Electric shocks with psychologist next to youb. Factors in obediencei. Legitimate Authoritiesii. Self-assurance and acceptance of responsibilityiii. Proximity of experimenter and distance of learneriv. Absence of alternative model of how to behavev. Incremental nature of requestc. Critiquesi. Ethics1. Psychologically disturbed 2. Milgram tried to keep harm out by debrief and intro to learnerii. Generalizability to RL Crimes1. Artificial conditions of lab. 2. Not allowed to hurt person.3. No opportunity to reflect4.3. What are social dilemmas and how does “the tragedy of the commons” illustrate the importance of the social dilemma to human survival? Social dilemmas—particular course of action or inaction will benefit the individual but harm the others in the group and cause more harm than good to everyone if everyone takes that coursea. Tragedy of the commonsi. All constantly involved in social dilemmas1. Pollution, Littering, etc. ii. Illustrates contributing rather than mindset of everyone else to free ride.4. How are social dilemmas exemplified in the prisoner’s dilemma game and what does thisgame show about reciprocity and cooperation? What conditions promote cooperation?Prisoner’s dilemma game—historical origin of hypothetical dilemma of two prisoners.a. Reciprocity and cooperationi. Social dilemma1. highest individual payoff comes from defecting but total payoff comes from cooperating. ii. Reciprocity1. Logic changes, cooperation becomes a reasonable choice in LR. b. Conditionsi. Accountability1. TFT works because accountable for actionsii. Reputation1. Reputation for cooperationiii. Reciprocity5. What did the late Penn State professors Sherif & Sherif demonstrate about groups at Robbers Cave? What were the strategies he used to resolve conflict? Include the term superordinate goals in your response.a. Sherif (1954)i. Two groups: eagles and rattlers1. Assigned separate tasks to each. a. Within days they established characteristics of distinct social group. 2. Suggested competitionsa. Three changes in relationships among boys within and between groupsi. Within groups solidarity1. Set aside internal and loyalty to own group strongerii. Negative stereotyping of other group1. See others in negative waysiii. Hostile between group interaction1. Initial good sportsmanship collapsed3. Resolving conflicta. Superordinate goals: desired by both groups and could be achieved best through cooperation between the groups.6. How do emotions keep us together, and ensure we act in socially appropriate ways? Include the term self-conscious emotions in your response.Self-conscious emotions—Guilt shame embarrassment and pride, linked to thoughts of ones own self or actions. a. Guilt: Relationship Repairi. Most guilt stories involve apology at the endb. Shame: Social withdrawali. Flaw in ourselves. Deeply felt pain, difficult for students to tell. ii. Hide from negative judgment. c. Embarrassment: Rectifier of Awks Situationsi. Trivial or humorous incidents. Inadvertent violation of a social normii. Involves strangers who are not predictable. iii. People are more attracted to people who manifest embarassmentd. Pride: Index of Social Acceptabilityi. Do everything right, experience pride. ii. Direct opposite of shame.iii. Shown too often or in wrong context, perceived as
View Full Document
Unlocking...