Psych 100.1H Focus QuestionsChapter 3 (pg. 70-end) – Class 69/9/20131. Describe, and give an example of, species-typical behavior. How is this behavior learned and what biological prerequisites must be met in order for this behavior to occur?a. Stress Response, Eating/Drinking, Smile, Eyebrow flashb. Biological preparedness—anatomical structures permit individual to do behavior2. Contrast homology and analogy, and provide examples of both. How does studying each of these advance the science of psychology?a. Homology—divergent evolution (same ancestor)i. Humansii. Useful for research on physiological mechanisms of behavior. Convergent evolution can produce similar behaviors that operate through different mechanisms, researchers will seek to understand the physiological mechanism of some behavior in humans through experiments on other species. Pathways along which species typical behaviors evolved. b. Analogy—convergent evolution (different ancestor)i. Bats and birdsii. Making inferences about ultimate functions of species-typical behaviors. Ultimate function of the trait. 3. Discuss Trivers’s theory of parental investment. How does this theory relate to each of the four classes of mating patterns?a. any time, energy, resources, and risk that a parent uses for the benefit of their offspringi. mating, developmental, parental involvement, jealousyb. Polygyny—High female, low malec. Polyandry—High male, low femaled. Monogamy--Equivalente. Polygynandry—Investment in the group4. What is the “primate rule” in terms of sex differences in aggression? Which species seems to be an exception to this rule and why?a. Males need to be more aggressive because of females higher Parental Investmenti. Males related to sexual activityii. Females aggressive to secure resources for offspringb. Bonobosi. Genetic make up. Females don’t usually form alliances to control males. 5. Discuss the kin selection theory of altruism and the reciprocity theory of apparent altruism. Why is the second theory referred to as “apparent” altruism?a. Kin selection theory—help genetically most similarb. Reciprocity theory—arise even in non-kini. In the end, benefiting selfii. Helping those helped in past, not helping those ignored in past6. Define naturalistic fallacy and deterministic fallacy, and provide an example of each.a. Naturalistic—natural, moral, righti. If natural selection promotes male dominance, then its okayb. Deterministic—genetic influences take control of behaviori. Fighting for territory unavoidable, because
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