Final Exam Study Guide Ch. 7, 10, 12, 14, Chapter 7: Intelligence What is Intelligence? How do you find it? Who are those who contributed towards intelligence and what did they do? What’s the difference between convergent and divergent? Intelligence is made up of a number of mental abilities. Spearman’s g-factor has to do with general intelligence, and the s-factor represents specific intelligence. The Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale (SBIS) was adapted for the intelligence quotient Ma —> mental age Ca —> calendar age Thurstone’s Specific Factor Theory —> Primary mental abilities Robert Sternberg —> Triarchic Theory Of Intelligence: 1. Analytic: academic ability 2. Creative: Ability to cope with novel situations and generate multiple solutions to problems. 3. Practical: Street smarts Howard Gardner —> developed the number of different intelligences which are Mathematical, Linguistic, Spatial, Musical, Interpersonal / intrapersonal Bodily Kinesthetic and Scientific / Naturalistic Dr. Daniel Goleman invented emotional intelligence which deals with self-insight and self- control. It also allows for coping with stress, depression, and aggressive behavior. Convergent Thinking Vs. Divergent Thinking: Convergent thinking is when you converse ideas to one specific point which is also best used in intelligence testing. Whereas, divergent thinking is freely associated and creates novel responses and is best used in measuring activity. Chapter 10: Personality What is the psychosexual development structure of personality? What are the stages of psychosexual development? What are traits? What are the five personality factors? Behaviorism Social cognitive theory. What is the gender schema theory? What is Carl Roger’s Self theory? The Self-esteem and positive regard. Individualist Vs. Collectivism. What are the characteristics of personality tests? Projective test vs. objective test. The structure of psychosexual development personality starts with the Id: represents physiological drives and is fully unconscious. Then the Ego which is the self awareness, planning and delay of gratification. Lastly is the super ego, and this is the moral guardian that sets high standards for behavior. The stages of psychosexual development are the oral stage, the anal stage, the phallic stage, latency stage and lastly the genital stage. The oral stage conflict centers on extent of oral gratification. The anal stage focuses on the control of elimination of waste. The phallic stage (Oedipus or Electra complex) is resolved through identification with same sex parent. In the latency stage sexual feelings remain unconscious. Lastly in the genital stage incest taboo forces us to release sexual desire on socially appropriate targets. Traits are stable eleme n t s o f p e r s o n a lity that are inferred from be h a v i o r. Pysch 100 1st EditionThe five personality factors are openness, conscientiousness, experience, agreeable, and neuroticism. Behaviorism focuses on determinants of not unseen, undetectable, unconscious forces. Social Cognitive Theory was developed by Albert Baundra and his theory focuses on learning by observation and cognitive processes of personal differences. Gender Schema Theory is when children attempt to construct identities that are consistent with the appropriate gender “script”. Carl Roger’s Theory: Roger’s self —> Your ongoing sense of who and what you are. Self Theory —> Focuses on nature of self and conditions that allow the self to develop freely. Self-Concept —> Our impressions of ourselves and our evaluations of our adequacy. Frames of Reference —>The way in which we look at ourselves and the world. Unconditional positive regard is when you accept the child as having intrinsic merit (value) regardless of their present behavior. Conditional positive regard is when you accept the child only when they behave. Conditions of Worth develops in response to conditional positive regard. Individualist vs Collectivist: An individualist defines their self in terms of personal identities, whereas a collectivist would define their self as a group to which they belong. In a personality test you look for validity and reliability. Validity is the extent to which test measures what it supposed to measure. Reliability is the consistency of one’s result from one testing to another. Projective vs. Objective test. Projective test have no clear answer, for an example Rorschach Inkblot test and the thematic appreciation test. Objective test have concrete answers and are in the form of a questionnaire. Chapter 12: Psychological Disorders What are psychological disorders? What is the Diagnostic Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders? What are some common disorders? What are positive symptoms? Psychological disorders are behaviors or mental processes that are connected with various kinds of distress or significant impairment in functioning. Diagnostic Statistical Manual includes information on medical conditions, psychosocial problems and global assessment of functioning. It also concerns the reliability and validity of the standards. Schizophrenia: severe psychological disorder characterized in disturbances in mood, language, social interaction, perception, thought and motor activity. Major Depressive Disorder: persistent feelings of sadness, lost of interest, worthlessness, guilt and inability to concentrate. Bipolar Disorder: mood swings from ecstatic elation to deep depression with maniac and depressive behaviors. Specific phobias: fears of specific objects or situations. Agoraphobia is the fear of being in a place that is difficult to escape or receive help. Panic Attack is an abrupt attack of acute anxiety; symptoms are shortness of breath, heavy sweating, tremors, pounding of the heart. Obsessive - Compulsive Disorder (OCD): It is a recurrent, anxiety-provoking thoughts or images that seem irrational and beyond control or behaviors that tend to reduce the anxiety connected with obsessions and have irresistible urges to engage in specific acts, often repeated. Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): this disorder is caused by a traumatic event that can last for years. PTSD does not always have to happen right after the event. Hypochonriosis: Insistence of serious physical illness, though no medical evidence of illness can be
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