1 Roaring 20s 1 Misbehavior short of Chaos A Breaking of rules for pleasure B Don t it to get punished 1 Prosperity A America had no economical rival B Churchill loved to come to America a Wrote his own history of the first and second world war b As well as other Europeans Explosive prosperity Most Europeans thought we were too vulgar i ii C Economic depression a Operated on a slow scale b Government solution was to print more money c Italy didn t recover much i ii iii Still largely agricultural Appointments with nepotism Gabriel D Annuzio An air ace during the war Raised private army 2 Mussolini 1 Pacifist 2 Left wing A Borderline anarchy B Romantic idealist and extremist a Published own newspapers b Close to being a revolutionary Wanted an alternative i C His political opinions became known a 1912 took over Avanti Newspapers i ii Sold a lot of copies Extremist b A pacifist but still turned a blind eye to violence 3 Start of WWI A Italy and war didn t enter just yet a Next year they join the allies b Mussolini began to turn towards patriotism Described it as a miracle conversion i c Starts to move to the right Becomes a rabid nationalist 4 Fascism A Power meant a lot to him a His state was in disarray No trust of government i i Economic crises High emigration b D combattimento Ex soldiers with no future Grew beyond veterans Use of black shirts to set themselves apart from everyone else Black shirt movement in the city Only males c People had faith in Mussolini due to his romanticism and rhetoric No one had faith in other things like the church A lot of talk about war B Influenced other politicians with black shirts a Use of force and intimidation against people 2 Opportunist A Socialist revolutionary in early life a Had to flee in Switzerland b Under criminal charges Spent some time in jail B Discovered you had to find tune your message for the audience a Didn t have any money Told the poor that they are the bedrock and were used Talked about jobs to those without jobs Appealed to veterans Appealed to the audience When talking to bankers he promised stability Appeal to audience worked Said stability is hard to find Multiple politicians in government Communists are constant threat Claimed the communists were the enemies Had something for everyone 3 Mussolini became Chancellor in 1922 A Followers grew by a lot a Milan was the HQ of the fascist right B A lot of members of the Fascist party got elected to parliament a Took the role of a statesmen b Rumors about the fascist party C Rumor had it that the Fascists were going to lead a coup a Assumption that they were going to march on Rome and take over government Government didn t take it too seriously 1921 had 300 000 400 000 followers Mussolini was too smart to execute the plan The followers wanted to execute the plan But Mussolini was too smart ii iii i ii i ii i i ii iii i ii iii Italy had a large army because of conscription b Mussolini allowed the rumor to scare everyone i ii Instead of actually acting on it Vaguely announced a march on Rome PM of the time Facta resigned in fear so someone else would handle the black shirts i c The king Victor Emmanuel needed to pick a new PM No one wanted to be the new PM out of fear Mussolini told them to do nothing Then the king appointed Mussolini as PM All of a sudden he s a monarchist The king and politicians were being played and didn t know it Then the black shirts were sent home The black shirts were just congregating unarmed ii d Acerbo law Perversion of proportional representation Now was more seen as a citizen statesmen In the next election the largest party gets 2 3 majority in lower house Fascists get 2 3 in lower house Mussolini began to ease his way out of his previous image Court system became completely used by threat of fascists Implications Run opposition out of business Remade executive position of government replaced everyone with fascists Mussolini wanted to consume interests groups Then he began to show himself for what he really was Signs a treaty with the papacy to recognize it as a legitimate state e Summit conference was held in Geneva with Mussolini as a host People then thought he wasn t so bad Made a speech with his theatrical skills Was popular Created a new system Created jobs even when the economy couldn t sustain it Exalted Italy s past and the grandeur of Rome Lowering of taxes for the poor D Elimination of distinction between private and public life a It was not what you did but what your gene pool said you were i ii Took over education and remake people It glorifies blood Superiority of one race over another Shedding of blood for the greater good i ii iii iv v i ii iii
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