Human Diseases A Systemic Approach Copyright ©2010 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. CHAPTER Human Diseases: A Systemic Approach, Seventh Edition Mark Zelman, Elaine Tompary, Jill Raymond, Paul Holdaway, and Mary Lou Mulvihill Diseases of the Cardiovascular System 6Copyright ©2010 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Human Diseases: A Systemic Approach, Seventh Edition Mark Zelman, Elaine Tompary, Jill Raymond, Paul Holdaway, and Mary Lou Mulvihill Organs of the Cardiovascular (CV) System • Blood vessels – Arteries – Veins – Capillaries • Heart • CV system a.k.a. circulatory system • Maintains the distribution of blood throughout the bodyCopyright ©2010 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Human Diseases: A Systemic Approach, Seventh Edition Mark Zelman, Elaine Tompary, Jill Raymond, Paul Holdaway, and Mary Lou Mulvihill CV System: Two Parts • Pulmonary circulation – Between heart and lungs – Transports deoxygenated blood to the lungs to get oxygen – Then back to the heart • Systemic circulation – Carries oxygenated blood away from the heart to tissues and cells – Then back to the heart – All the body cells receive blood and oxygen. Your heart is a pumpCopyright ©2010 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Human Diseases: A Systemic Approach, Seventh Edition Mark Zelman, Elaine Tompary, Jill Raymond, Paul Holdaway, and Mary Lou Mulvihill Heart Disease–A Disturbance of Pump Function Mechanical Pump Abnormality Comparable Heart Diseases Faulty pump construction Congenital heart disease Faulty unidirectional valves Valvular heart disease Dirty or plugged fuel line Coronary heart disease Overloaded pump Hypertensive heart disease Malfunctioning pump motor Primary myocardial disease Heart problems are comparable to problems that any other type of pump might have….Copyright ©2010 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Human Diseases: A Systemic Approach, Seventh Edition Mark Zelman, Elaine Tompary, Jill Raymond, Paul Holdaway, and Mary Lou Mulvihill Figure 6-1: Heart covering and layers of the heart.Copyright ©2010 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Human Diseases: A Systemic Approach, Seventh Edition Mark Zelman, Elaine Tompary, Jill Raymond, Paul Holdaway, and Mary Lou Mulvihill 4 Chambers: R & L Ventricle, R&L AtriumCopyright ©2010 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Human Diseases: A Systemic Approach, Seventh Edition Mark Zelman, Elaine Tompary, Jill Raymond, Paul Holdaway, and Mary Lou Mulvihill Heart Valves • 4 valves - tricuspid, pulmonary, mitral, aortic • Act as restraining gates to control the direction of blood flow • Situated at the entrances and exits to the ventricles • When properly functioning, valves allow blood to flow only in the forward direction by blocking it from returning to the previous chamberCopyright ©2010 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Human Diseases: A Systemic Approach, Seventh Edition Mark Zelman, Elaine Tompary, Jill Raymond, Paul Holdaway, and Mary Lou Mulvihill Figure 6-2: Heart valves in closed position viewed from the top.Copyright ©2010 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Human Diseases: A Systemic Approach, Seventh Edition Mark Zelman, Elaine Tompary, Jill Raymond, Paul Holdaway, and Mary Lou Mulvihill Three Types of Blood Vessels • Arteries - large, thick-walled vessels that carry blood away from the heart • Veins - carry blood back to the heart • Capillaries - connecting units between the arteries and veins. They are very thin and carry oxygen-rich blood from the arteries to the body cells.Copyright ©2010 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Human Diseases: A Systemic Approach, Seventh Edition Mark Zelman, Elaine Tompary, Jill Raymond, Paul Holdaway, and Mary Lou Mulvihill Figure 6-4: Coronary arteries and major vessels.Copyright ©2010 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Human Diseases: A Systemic Approach, Seventh Edition Mark Zelman, Elaine Tompary, Jill Raymond, Paul Holdaway, and Mary Lou Mulvihill Hypertension (High BP) • Blood flow in the arteries results from the force of ventricular contraction • Pressure is highest when ventricles contract (___________ pressure) • Pressure is lowest when ventricles relax (_____________ pressure) • A BP reading is given as systolic over diastolic pressure: e.g., 120/60 mm Hg Systolic DiastolicCopyright ©2010 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Human Diseases: A Systemic Approach, Seventh Edition Mark Zelman, Elaine Tompary, Jill Raymond, Paul Holdaway, and Mary Lou Mulvihill Blood Pressure Readings Blood Pressure Category Systolic mm Hg (upper #) Diastolic mm Hg (lower #) Normal less than 120 and less than 80 Prehypertension 120 – 139 or 80 – 89 High Blood Pressure (Hypertension) Stage 1 140 – 159 or 90 – 99 High Blood Pressure (Hypertension) Stage 2 160 or higher or 100 or higher Hypertensive Crisis (Emergency care needed) Higher than 180 or Higher than 110 :know these!! Go for the worst when categorizingCopyright ©2010 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Human Diseases: A Systemic Approach, Seventh Edition Mark Zelman, Elaine Tompary, Jill Raymond, Paul Holdaway, and Mary Lou Mulvihill Hypertension Risk Factors • advancing age • sedentary lifestyle • excess weight • excessive dietary salt • excessive alcohol consumption • family history of hypertension • African American ancestryCopyright ©2010 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Human Diseases: A Systemic Approach, Seventh Edition Mark Zelman, Elaine Tompary, Jill Raymond, Paul Holdaway, and Mary Lou Mulvihill Hypertension (cont.) • Hypertension – the ________________cardiovascular disorder – affects about __________of the adult population worldwide – considered a major risk factor for heart disease, stroke, and kidney disease. Most common
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