Human Diseases A Systemic Approach CHAPTER 6 Diseases of the Cardiovascular System Human Diseases A Systemic Approach Seventh Edition Mark Zelman Elaine Tompary Jill Raymond Paul Holdaway and Mary Lou Mulvihill Copyright 2010 by Pearson Education Inc Upper Saddle River New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved Organs of the Cardiovascular CV System Blood vessels Arteries Veins Capillaries Heart CV system a k a circulatory system Maintains the distribution of blood throughout the body Human Diseases A Systemic Approach Seventh Edition Mark Zelman Elaine Tompary Jill Raymond Paul Holdaway and Mary Lou Mulvihill Copyright 2010 by Pearson Education Inc Upper Saddle River New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved CV System Two Parts Pulmonary circulation Between heart and lungs Transports deoxygenated blood to the lungs to get oxygen Then back to the heart Systemic circulation Carries oxygenated blood away from the heart to tissues and cells Then back to the heart All the body cells receive blood and oxygen Human Diseases A Systemic Approach Seventh Edition Mark Zelman Elaine Tompary Jill Raymond Paul Holdaway and Mary Lou Mulvihill Your heart is a pump Copyright 2010 by Pearson Education Inc Upper Saddle River New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved Heart Disease A Disturbance of Pump Function Mechanical Pump Abnormality Faulty pump construction Comparable Heart Diseases Congenital heart disease Faulty unidirectional valves Valvular heart disease Dirty or plugged fuel line Coronary heart disease Overloaded pump Hypertensive heart disease Malfunctioning pump motor Primary myocardial disease Heart problems are comparable to problems that any other type of pump might have Human Diseases A Systemic Approach Seventh Edition Mark Zelman Elaine Tompary Jill Raymond Paul Holdaway and Mary Lou Mulvihill Copyright 2010 by Pearson Education Inc Upper Saddle River New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved Figure 6 1 Heart covering and layers of the heart Human Diseases A Systemic Approach Seventh Edition Mark Zelman Elaine Tompary Jill Raymond Paul Holdaway and Mary Lou Mulvihill Copyright 2010 by Pearson Education Inc Upper Saddle River New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved 4 Chambers R L Ventricle R L Atrium Human Diseases A Systemic Approach Seventh Edition Mark Zelman Elaine Tompary Jill Raymond Paul Holdaway and Mary Lou Mulvihill Copyright 2010 by Pearson Education Inc Upper Saddle River New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved Heart Valves 4 valves tricuspid pulmonary mitral aortic Act as restraining gates to control the direction of blood flow Situated at the entrances and exits to the ventricles When properly functioning valves allow blood to flow only in the forward direction by blocking it from returning to the previous chamber Human Diseases A Systemic Approach Seventh Edition Mark Zelman Elaine Tompary Jill Raymond Paul Holdaway and Mary Lou Mulvihill Copyright 2010 by Pearson Education Inc Upper Saddle River New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved Figure 6 2 Heart valves in closed position viewed from the top Human Diseases A Systemic Approach Seventh Edition Mark Zelman Elaine Tompary Jill Raymond Paul Holdaway and Mary Lou Mulvihill Copyright 2010 by Pearson Education Inc Upper Saddle River New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved Three Types of Blood Vessels Arteries large thick walled vessels that carry blood away from the heart Veins carry blood back to the heart Capillaries connecting units between the arteries and veins They are very thin and carry oxygen rich blood from the arteries to the body cells Human Diseases A Systemic Approach Seventh Edition Mark Zelman Elaine Tompary Jill Raymond Paul Holdaway and Mary Lou Mulvihill Copyright 2010 by Pearson Education Inc Upper Saddle River New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved Figure 6 4 Coronary arteries and major vessels Human Diseases A Systemic Approach Seventh Edition Mark Zelman Elaine Tompary Jill Raymond Paul Holdaway and Mary Lou Mulvihill Copyright 2010 by Pearson Education Inc Upper Saddle River New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved Hypertension High BP Blood flow in the arteries results from the force of ventricular contraction Pressure is highest when ventricles contract pressure Systolic Pressure is lowest when ventricles relax pressure Diastolic A BP reading is given as systolic over diastolic pressure e g 120 60 mm Hg Human Diseases A Systemic Approach Seventh Edition Mark Zelman Elaine Tompary Jill Raymond Paul Holdaway and Mary Lou Mulvihill Copyright 2010 by Pearson Education Inc Upper Saddle River New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved Blood Pressure Readings Blood Pressure Category Systolic mm Hg upper Diastolic mm Hg lower Normal less than 120 and less than 80 Prehypertension 120 139 or 80 89 High Blood Pressure Hypertension Stage 1 140 159 or 90 99 High Blood Pressure Hypertension Stage 2 160 or higher or 100 or higher Hypertensive Crisis Emergency care needed Higher than 180 or Higher than 110 Human Diseases A Systemic Approach Seventh Edition Mark Zelman Elaine Tompary Jill Raymond Paul Holdaway and Mary Lou Mulvihill know these Go for the worst when categorizing Copyright 2010 by Pearson Education Inc Upper Saddle River New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved Hypertension Risk Factors advancing age sedentary lifestyle excess weight excessive dietary salt excessive alcohol consumption family history of hypertension African American ancestry Human Diseases A Systemic Approach Seventh Edition Mark Zelman Elaine Tompary Jill Raymond Paul Holdaway and Mary Lou Mulvihill Copyright 2010 by Pearson Education Inc Upper Saddle River New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved Hypertension cont Hypertension Most common the cardiovascular disorder 33 affects about of the adult population worldwide considered a major risk factor for heart disease stroke and kidney disease Human Diseases A Systemic Approach Seventh Edition Mark Zelman Elaine Tompary Jill Raymond Paul Holdaway and Mary Lou Mulvihill Copyright 2010 by Pearson Education Inc Upper Saddle River New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved Hypertension cont Primary hypertension typically does not cause symptoms If symptoms occur they are usually related to the long term effects of hypertension on the organ systems of the body including the kidneys heart eyes and blood vessels Treatment is aimed at reduction of blood 140 90 pressure to less than mm Hg Human Diseases A Systemic Approach Seventh Edition Mark Zelman Elaine Tompary Jill Raymond Paul Holdaway and Mary Lou Mulvihill Copyright 2010 by Pearson