Human Diseases A Systemic Approach CHAPTER 8 Diseases of the Respiratory System Human Diseases A Systemic Approach Seventh Edition Mark Zelman Elaine Tompary Jill Raymond Paul Holdaway and Mary Lou Mulvihill Copyright 2010 by Pearson Education Inc Upper Saddle River New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved Objectives To review normal structure and function of the respiratory system To discuss common signs and symptoms associated with respiratory diseases Describe diagnostic testing To discuss the prominent upper and lower respiratory diseases including impact on quality of life prevention and treatment options including life style factors To discuss age related respiratory disorders Human Diseases A Systemic Approach Seventh Edition Mark Zelman Elaine Tompary Jill Raymond Paul Holdaway and Mary Lou Mulvihill Copyright 2010 by Pearson Education Inc Upper Saddle River New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved Structure and Function Respiratory System Includes Chest thorax lungs and conducting airways Main Function To supply blood with oxygen Achieved through breathing Inhale oxygen exhale carbon dioxide Human Diseases A Systemic Approach Seventh Edition Mark Zelman Elaine Tompary Jill Raymond Paul Holdaway and Mary Lou Mulvihill Copyright 2010 by Pearson Education Inc Upper Saddle River New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved https www youtube com w atch v hc1YtXc 84A Human Diseases A Systemic Approach Seventh Edition Mark Zelman Elaine Tompary Jill Raymond Paul Holdaway and Mary Lou Mulvihill Copyright 2010 by Pearson Education Inc Upper Saddle River New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved Diagnosis of Respiratory Diseases Physical Examination Auscultation listening with stethoscope Percussion tapping on the chest Vibrations and change in sound can give clues Spirometry Measures the air capacity of the lungs Peak Flow Tests Measures the maximum force with which a patient can exhale Human Diseases A Systemic Approach Seventh Edition Mark Zelman Elaine Tompary Jill Raymond Paul Holdaway and Mary Lou Mulvihill Copyright 2010 by Pearson Education Inc Upper Saddle River New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved Diagnosis of Respiratory Diseases cont d Bronchial Challenge Test Detects and quantifies airway hypersensitivity Pulse Oximetry Measures oxygen saturation in blood Noninvasive Arterial Blood Gases ABGS Evaluate blood levels of O2 and CO2 and pH levels Requires blood sample Sputum analysis Human Diseases A Systemic Approach Seventh Edition Mark Zelman Elaine Tompary Jill Raymond Paul Holdaway and Mary Lou Mulvihill Copyright 2010 by Pearson Education Inc Upper Saddle River New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved Diagnosis of Respiratory Diseases cont d Biopsy and Imaging Tests Bronchoscopy Laryngoscopy Chest X rays CT Scans MRI Scans Human Diseases A Systemic Approach Seventh Edition Mark Zelman Elaine Tompary Jill Raymond Paul Holdaway and Mary Lou Mulvihill Copyright 2010 by Pearson Education Inc Upper Saddle River New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved Respiratory Rate One of the four vital signs along with heart rate temperature and blood pressure Respiratory rate is dependent on the level of CO2 in the blood When the CO2 level is high a person breathes more rapidly to expel the excess If CO2 levels drop the respiratory rate will also drop Human Diseases A Systemic Approach Seventh Edition Mark Zelman Elaine Tompary Jill Raymond Paul Holdaway and Mary Lou Mulvihill Copyright 2010 by Pearson Education Inc Upper Saddle River New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved Normal Respiratory Rates for Different Age Groups Age Newborn 1 year old 16 year old Adult Respirations per Minute 30 60 18 30 16 20 12 20 Human Diseases A Systemic Approach Seventh Edition Mark Zelman Elaine Tompary Jill Raymond Paul Holdaway and Mary Lou Mulvihill Copyright 2010 by Pearson Education Inc Upper Saddle River New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved Matching Exercise Draw arrows to connect the terms with their meanings Hemoptysis Dyspnea Tachypnea Cyanosis Rapid Breathing Coughing Blood Blue color in skins and nails Labored breathing Human Diseases A Systemic Approach Seventh Edition Mark Zelman Elaine Tompary Jill Raymond Paul Holdaway and Mary Lou Mulvihill Copyright 2010 by Pearson Education Inc Upper Saddle River New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved Common Symptoms of Respiratory Disease Breathing irregularities Labored breathing dyspnea Rapid breathing tachypnea wheezing Coughs Non productive dry Produces mucous productive Coughing blood hemoptysis Human Diseases A Systemic Approach Seventh Edition Mark Zelman Elaine Tompary Jill Raymond Paul Holdaway and Mary Lou Mulvihill Copyright 2010 by Pearson Education Inc Upper Saddle River New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved Common Symptoms of Respiratory Disease cont d Blue color in skin and nails Cyanosis Fever Fatigue due to labored breathing Less sleep Pain especially sinuses throat chest Sinus nasal drainage Weakness in muscles and voice Human Diseases A Systemic Approach Seventh Edition Mark Zelman Elaine Tompary Jill Raymond Paul Holdaway and Mary Lou Mulvihill Copyright 2010 by Pearson Education Inc Upper Saddle River New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved Cyanosis Human Diseases A Systemic Approach Seventh Edition Mark Zelman Elaine Tompary Jill Raymond Paul Holdaway and Mary Lou Mulvihill Copyright 2010 by Pearson Education Inc Upper Saddle River New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved Upper Respiratory Diseases Common cold Sinusitis Nasal polyps Snoring and obstructive sleep apnea Hay fever seasonal allergic rhinitis Tonsillitis pharyngitis laryngitis Influenza Human Diseases A Systemic Approach Seventh Edition Mark Zelman Elaine Tompary Jill Raymond Paul Holdaway and Mary Lou Mulvihill Copyright 2010 by Pearson Education Inc Upper Saddle River New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved Human Diseases A Systemic Approach Seventh Edition Mark Zelman Elaine Tompary Jill Raymond Paul Holdaway and Mary Lou Mulvihill Copyright 2010 by Pearson Education Inc Upper Saddle River New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved The Common Cold A cold is an acute inflammation of the mucous membrane lining the upper respiratory tract Highly contagious no known cure More than strains of viruses are capable of 200 causing the common cold has recently been Metapheumovirus described as a major virus causing adult colds Infants the elderly and those with weakened immune systems are at risk for severe consequences from a cold Having had a cold provides no immunity to future colds Human Diseases A Systemic Approach